Windows 7 Check Your Understanding Free Essays

Win7 Chapter 3 Knowledge Assessment Fill in the Blank Complete the following sentences by writing the correct word or words in the blanks provided. 1. An image file that contains an entire workstation configuration, including all applications, packages, and configuration settings, is called a thick image. We will write a custom essay sample on Windows 7 Check Your Understanding or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. The two programs that make up the User State Migration Tool are called scanstate. exe and loadstate. exe. 3. A build-to-plan installation is one in which the installers capture a single image file and deploy it to each computer with no changes. 4. Windows Deployment Services can reduce network bandwidth requirements while deploying install images by using . wim files. 5. Before you can modify an offline image file using DISM. exe, you must mount the image to a folder. 6. To partition a disk using an answer file, you must add settings to the WindowsPE configuration pass. 7. The Windows 7 AIK tool that you use to create answer files is called Windows System Image Manager (SIM). 8. To boot from an image transmitted over the network by a WDS server, a workstation must have a network adapter that supports Preboot Execution Environment (PXE). 9. The deployment scenario in which you save a workstation’s user state data, wipe its disk, install Windows 7, and then restore the user state data is called the refresh computer scenario aka wipe and load. 10. A capture image enables a workstation to boot from a disk and connect to a WDS server. True / False 1. To perform a Windows 7 deployment using ZTI, you must have a SQL Server on your network. F 2. To create a capture image, you use the Deployment Workbench console. T 3. The Windows 7 AIK script files used to perform unattended installations are called task sequences. F 4. You can use the boot images created by Deployment Workbench to start workstations using either boot disks or WDS. T 5. The computer that you use to capture an image of a workstation configuration is called the target computer. F 6. An LTI deployment provides greater flexibility than a ZTI deployment. T 7. ImageX. exe is a command? line tool that you can use to capture and deploy image files. T 8. To use the upgrade computer scenario, a workstation must be running Windows XP SP2 or later. F 9. Before you can capture an image of a Windows 7 workstation, you must run the Sysprep. exe program. T 10. Sector? -based image files are spannable, editable, and bootable. F Review Questions 1. Describe the difference between an LTI and a ZTI deployment in terms of the activity at the target computer during the Windows 7 installation. LTI is lite touch deployment requires someone to sit there during installations and answer some questions where as ZTI is a zero touch installation is just that. The system installs without any one present at the workstation to monitor it. 2. List the five basic steps in an enterprise Windows 7 workstation deployment. Build a deployed share Perform a reference computer installation Capture an image of the reference computer Boot the target computers Apply the reference computer image How to cite Windows 7 Check Your Understanding, Papers

Delusional Disorder Treatments Essay Example For Students

Delusional Disorder Treatments Essay This disorder is characterized by the presence of non-bizarre delusions, which have persisted for a least one-month. Non-bizarre delusions typically are beliefs of something occurring in a persons life, which is not out of the realm of possibility. For example, the person may believe their significant other is cheating on them, that someone close to them is about to die, a friend is really a government agent, etc. All of these situations could be true or possible, but the person suffering from this disorder knows them not to be. People who have this disorder generally dont experience a marked impairment in their daily functioning in a social, occupational or other important setting. Outward behavior is not noticeably bizarre or objectively characterized as out-of-the-ordinary. The three main treatments associated with delusional disorder are psychotherapy, medications and self-help. According to Long 1995-97, psychotherapy is usually the most effective help to people who suffer from delusional disorder. The most important factor in this therapy is the quality of the patient/therapist relationship. Trust is the key issue, as is unconditional support (Long 1995-97). Once a firm, supportive therapeutic relationship has been established, the therapist can begin reinforcing positive gains and behaviors the individual makes in his or her life, such as in educational or occupational gains. It is important to reinforce these life events because it reinforces in the patient a sense of self-confidence and self-reliance. Even though psychotherapy is the most effective, according to Long 1995-97, it may not be all that helpful because the patient/therapist relationship will never exist so therefore neither will the trust. If that relationship between the patient/therapist never exists then the two will never feel comfortable working together. The patient may think that the therapist thinks that they are ?crazy? and therefore will never build any trust, and again trust is the key issue. Clinicians should always be very direct and honest, especially with people who suffer from delusional disorder, and if this doesnt happen then psychotherapy will not work. Only when the client has begun to feel more secure in their social or occupational world can more productive work be accomplished in therapy. This involves the gradual but gentle challenging of the clients delusional beliefs, starting with the smallest and least-important items. If the patient refuses to give up his or her delusional beliefs, even the small ones, then therapy is likely to be very long-term. According to Long 1995-97 if the patient gives up the delusional beliefs and trust their therapist the n the psychotherapy will be effective. Medication is the second form of help for people who have delusional disorder (Clayton, 1997). Suggesting the use of medication for this disorder, while poss ibly indicated to help temporarily relieves the delusions, is usually difficult. The client may be suspicious of any professional suggesting the use of medication and therefore the treatment approach if problematic. Anti-psychotic medication is the preferred medication used; though it is only marginally effective according to Clayton, 1997. There are few studies done which confirm the use of any specific medications for this disorder. Hospitalization should be avoided at all costs, since this will usually go to reinforce the individuals distorted cognitive schema. Partial hospitalization and or day treatment programs are preferred to help manage individual under close supervision on a daily basis. Self-help is the third kind of treatment for delusional disorder. There are not many self-help support groups or communities that would be conducive to someone suffering for this disorder. Such approaches would likely not be very effective because a person with this disorder is likely of b e mistrustful and suspicious of others and their motivations, making group help and dynamics unlikely and possibly harmful (Alford, 1994). .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef , .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef .postImageUrl , .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef , .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef:hover , .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef:visited , .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef:active { border:0!important; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef:active , .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb006a7a9d02a2ad5170bcf9683735ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poverty and Crime in America EssayI feel sorry for the people who have delusional disorder because there isnt one effective way that would really help them. Psychotherapy may help them the best, but from what I know it may not help them at all. Same with the medications, there also isnt one medication out there that will effectively help patients with this disorder. And there are no self-help groups out there to realistically help them so I dont even know why this option is considered. This is a disorder that needs to be concentrated on to finding an effective way of curing it.

Capital Markets Advisory Committee Meeting - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Capital Markets Advisory Committee Meeting. Answer: Introduction The title of the report is Analysis of conceptual framework of accounting with prudence. The title itself describes that if any analysis is required to be made then the conceptual framework of accounting is reviewed along with prudence and is checked whether the requirements of the conceptual framework of accounting is being followed or have been followed in earlier years by the company. As per the common parlance that will come in everyones mind is that the presence of framework for pursuing any kind of work shall be solicited by each and every individual including those working in an organization. If any work of any nature is done without any structure or without any framework then the results so produced will be negative and will not serve the purpose of neither the companies nor the individuals working in an organization. Therefore, for accounting work there shall be the proper framework that shall include all the rules, regulations, acts or accounting standards and auditing stan dards. Similarly the concept of prudence says that the person who is engaged in accounting for the transaction of the company shall be true and fair enough and shall apply the degree of his knowledge as well as the caution and thus, Prudence shall be followed throughput the accounting work as it guides what are the things that are required to be considered by the individuals for preparation of the financial statements. These above explained are the two objectives of the study which has followed throughout the study. To have the deep analysis of the conceptual framework of accounting and prudence, the annual report of the company has been selected for the year ending June 2016. The company is Qantas Airlines which has been registered and incorporated in the country of Australia and also registered with the Australian Stock Exchange. The analysis of the annual report of Qantas Airlines has been made in regard to the defined parameters like valuation of the inventories, property plant and equipment, accounts receivable and others. At each of the parameters it is checked whether the conceptual framework of accounting is being followed or not and the level of prudence that has been employed while finalizing the financial statements. At the end the study has been concluded with overall findings and thereafter recommendation has been given as to whether the company so selected is in compliance of all the conceptual framework requirements. The framework is regarded as the defined and managed structure which plans out as to how the certain task is required to be performed and within what parameters the task so assigned is required to be completed. Thus, the framework is the guiding factor as well as the directing and controlling factor which ensures that if the workers engaged in an organization performs the work in the manner in which it is designed or within the framework then there will be less chances of any non compliance with the mandatory or statutory requirements. Thus, the structure and which is defined one is very necessary for the proper working and the results thereon. In case there is no defined structure then the workers engaged in the work will end up with zero outcomes and in case any outcome arises then it will be so much ifs and buts which will not in anyways serve the purpose of the organization (Anastasia, 2015 and Capital Markets Advisory Committee Meeting, 2013). In the accounting terms, the framework of accounting is known as the conceptual framework of accounting. The conceptual framework of accounting is basically consists of the two objectives. First objective gives the way as to how the assets and liabilities of the company on the particular date should be measured and how the income and expenses earned and incurred respectively has been earned and paid during the year. Second objectives are to get the financial statements so prepared by the company, satisfy the three major characteristics of the conceptual framework of accounting. These are: The first feature is represented faithfully. The financial statements prepared by the company shall be represented faithfully. There are three features included in the term faithful representation. These are neutral, free from error and free from any bias. It envisage that the financial statements shall reflect that the financial statements have not been prepared under some sort of any form of bias, that it will be neutral that is it shall be bias free. If it is present then it is clear that the conceptual framework of accounting is being applied and fully followed otherwise it depicts the non compliance of conceptual framework of accounting (Weiss, 2014). The second feature is relevant. The financial statements prepared shall be relevant to the users of the financial statements and other stakeholders. Users and stakeholders generally require the relevant information for their quick and effective decision making. If the relevant information is not made available then the purpose of the conceptual framework of accounting will decline. The last feature is reliable. It entails that the financial information provided in the financial statements shall be reliable otherwise the government department will not give any sort of benefits and also the users of the financial statements may find it difficult to make correct, effective and efficient decision (IASB, 2010). If the above features are present then the users of the financial statements and other stakeholders will find the financial statements useful and reliable otherwise the financial statements will serve no purpose and will be futile. The concept of conceptual framework is very important concept in the field of accounting and the inclusion of the concept of prudence has further enhanced the value of the financial statements so prepared. The concept of prudence is very old since the year 1989 but has been known by different names. As per the common parlance, the term prudence means the act of being cautious. The same word has been used in the definition in the year 1989 when the concept of prudence was first introduced in the regulatory framework of accounting. It is said at that time that the personnel involved in accounts department of the company should exercise not only the due care but also some level of the caution which will help them to correctly estimate the accounting part of any transaction or events that has happened in the uncertain event which shall in case lead to overstatement of assets and revenue. The above introduction has been very categorically criticized saying that the approach of the concept of prudence was very conservative as it has send the signal for ensuring that there shall be no overstatement of assets and revenue and thus has not taken into consideration the liabilities and the expenditure which also forms part of the financial statements. With this criticism, the concept of prudence has been excluded in the year of 2005. But after 2005 many persons started arguing that the financial statements if it is without prudence will mean thereby imprudent (Cooper, 2015). Thus, this argument somewhere states that the concept of prudence is deeply connected with the Neutrality as the being prudent mean being cautious which in turn means that is shall be from any error or bias. Due to this argument, the concept of prudence is again included in the conceptual framework of accounting and its presence is duly solicited from the year 2015. After having the understanding of the conceptual framework of accounting and that too with the re inclusion of concept of prudence and the importance that both the concepts have gained over the years, now it is to analyze through the annual report of the company as to know whether the company has followed the conceptual framework of accounting and have considered the concept of prudence as basis in preparing and presenting the financial statements to the users along with the stakeholders of the company. The company Qantas Airlines has been selected. The company has been incorporated in the year 1920 in Australia. The full form of an abbreviation Qantas is Queensland and Northern Territorial Aerial Services Limited. In current scenario, it is regarded as the leading airline company in Australia in Domestic and International sector and is also regarded as the second largest airline across the world. To understand whether the conceptual framework of accounting is complied with, the annual report of the company has been analyzed with regard to the following factors (Annual Report, 2016): Remuneration to Key Managerial Personnel: The Company in their annual report has described under the section of Remuneration report that there exists the remuneration framework which strives for motivating and retaining the best possible talent by having the defined opportunities for pay and that is on appropriate level. It aims at linking the remuneration of the directors directly to the results of the company. The company has bifurcated the remuneration under three factors Basic pay, short term incentives and long term incentives. By having the remuneration framework the work and the results under this will be very fruitful. But on the other hand there may be chances of having high chances of manipulation. Trade Receivables Total receivables of the company for the year ending June 2016 is amounting to $929 million as compared to the year of 2015 amounting to $1093 million.. The company is measuring and valuing the receivables as per the sale invoice and is valued after making the provision for impairment losses in receivable. It exhibits that there exists the framework and the accountant provide for the impairment within that structure only. Property, Plant and Equipment: This is measured by deducting the depreciation and the impairment loss from the item of the asset. A note has been given about the Capital Expenditure Commitments. It states that the group capital expenditure commitments are expressed in the functional currency as US dollar. The same is converted into Australia dollar and are reported as on 30-06-2016 amounting to $11670 millions. It also exhibits that the company follows the conceptual framework. Revenue : Revenue received in advance has been shown as Current Liability amounting to $5046 million for the year ending 30-06-2016. It depicts that the company is following the conceptual framework along with prudence. Conclusion The concept of conceptual framework along with the concept or prudence plays very vital role in the accounting field. It lays down how the company is required to perform its functions keeping in view the boundaries of statutory and managerial compliance that is required to be crossed. The importance of the concept of conceptual framework has been detailed and reasons have been given for including the prudent in it. Thereafter, the annual report of the Qantas has been analyzed and established that conceptual framework is being followed by the company and that too with caution. References Anastasia, (2015), Financial Statement Analysis : An Introduction available on https://www.cleverism.com/financial-statement-analysis-introduction/ accessed on 04-05-2017 Capital Markets Advisory Committee Meeting, (2013), Conceptual Framework available on https://www.ifrs.org/Meetings/MeetingDocs/Other%20Meeting/2013/March/AP%203%20conceptual%20framework.pdf accessed on 04-05-2017 Cooper S, (2015), A Tale of Prudence, available on https://www.ifrs.org/Investor-resources/Investor-perspectives-2/Documents/Prudence_Investor-Perspective_Conceptual-FW.PDF accessed on 04-05-2017. International Accounting Standards Board, (2010), Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010 , pages 16-21 Qantas Airlines Official Website, Annual Report 2016 available on https://www.qantas.com.au/ accessed on 04-05-2017 Weiss D, (2014), Faithful Representation available on https://bschool.huji.ac.il/.upload/Seminars/Faithful%20Representation%20October%202014.pdf accessed on 04-05-2017.

Steinbeck, John Parallels Essays - English-language Films

Steinbeck, John: Parallels Common Ground In many of John Steinbeck's works there are themes and elements that parallel his other works. Steinbeck often tackles the result of people's bad fortune and the realization that their dreams have been destroyed. We can see that in his Pulitzer Prize winning The Grapes of Wrath and his critically acclaimed novel Of mice and Men Steinbeck shows us the results of people having their dreams destroyed. Steinbeck shows us that in his work he gives different characters similar goals and aspirations and has them destroyed in similar ways. In both of the above mentioned books key characters have their dreams destroyed. "Steinbeck often created characters possessing lofty goals; lofty goals in a world of despair and corruption. His characters did not have a dream of tangible luxuries, but a dream of corporal well being and refuge with loved ones"(Thomas 238). In Of Mice and Men, Lennie and George travel to California in order to find work. Once they salvage up enough money, Lennie and George plan on being independent and not worrying about the outside world and its enigmas. George stated "Someday we're gonna get all the jack together and were gonna have a little house and a couple of acres an' a cow and some pigs." (Roberts, 187). George's dream ran deeper than a love for farming and independence. The motivation for this dream was not just a product of the poor state of the country and widespread unemployment, but it was a dream that could ensure a happy ending for Lennie. George is anxious to secure his own place so that Lennie can live the type of life where he can be happy and not be hurt by people who do not understand his simple ways. George would run the farm; Lennie would tend the rabbits. This was Lennies dream, to tend the rabbits. He could think of nothing else more enjoyable than tending the rabbits. "Lennies dram is to have all the rabbits that he can take care of, and his attempts to do the right thing are motivated by his fear that George won't let him take care of the rabbits." (Tedlock 243). In The Grapes of Wrath the Joad family also dreams of moving out west. They do this in hopes of escaping the direful situation in Oklahoma. "Gonna buy a car and shove out west where it's easy living." (Steinbeck 57). The Joads like Lennie and George plan on saving up enough money for their own plot of land. Once this task is accomplished they hope to live a self-sufficient life and rely on one another. They believe that once in California they will find life easier and find all they need in surplus. "Jus' let me get out to California where I can pick me an orange when I want it. Or grapes, there's a thing I ain't never had enough of. Gonna get me a whole bunch of grapes off a bush, or whatever, an' I'm gonna squash 'em on my face an' let 'em run off my chin".(Steinbeck 105). There is clearly a parallel between the themes of these two books. As both works have the same basis for the characters dreams. How the dream mwas destroyed George and Lennie never had their dreams come true. When they arrived at the homestead for work; George and Lennie at once felt hostility from the ranch owner's son Curley. Curley was a sinister short-tempered man possessing little physical stature. From Curleys first encounter with Lennie, Curley was looking for an excuse to fight the simple-minded Lennie. "Curley develops a hatred for the bigger man which will be expressed in his desire to mutilate Lennie in the final scene." (Magil 4296) Lennie ended up killing Curleys wife. This was not a malicious act however. It was an accident that had an unfortunate consequence. "Lennies greatest difficulty is remembering. While he never plans to do anything wrong, he simply cannot remember what is wrong and what is not." (Magil 89). That consequence being the death of Curley's wife, and that Curley ordered the men to kill Lennie. The workers assembled and took up arms. George knew that the men were not out to right a wrong, but out to seek vengeance. George decided that he must kill Lennie. George knew that this was the only solution that would spare Lennie the misery that would be inflicted on him by Curley and his men. Like George and Lennie the Joads never saw their dreams materialize. They to were

The Big Lebowski Essay Example For Students

The Big Lebowski Essay All of the relationships among the elements in the film the Big Lebowski may seem to be enigmatic with each other, but this style of film creates an integrated system of disunity. The Coen brothers demonstrate this style through various motifs through out the film, from the main characters name to what he drinks. The film is a perfect example of a film which has the theme of disunity. In the film the main character Jeffery Lebowski, refers to himself as the Dude. This element of the story becomes a motif. The Dude is referred to, and refers to himself as the Dude because it represents his personality, which is an easygoing cool character. The common Western society slang which is associated with the word dude, is male prostitute. In the scene where the Dude returns home after being arrested in Malibu, he find himself engaging in sexual intercourse at the request of Mod Lebowski. After they finish, Mod explains to the Dude that she was using him to concede a child. We will write a custom essay on The Big Lebowski specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Obviously he was not given money in exchange for sexual favours but, the Dude, much similar to real prostitutes was used for sex. The Dude is continuously used by his friends and business associates through out the whole film. Although presented as a laidback cool character, the Dudes title is representative of how he is seen by everyone around him. In the film, Bowling is seen as a mans activity, a place where go to compete and get away from the world. In the bowling alley there is never a female present in the shot within any scene. This motif is reinforced during the scene entitled Gutter Balls. In the Dudes trip-out it starts off as a bowling spoof pornographic film, which can also be considered a male thing. It has shots of floating bowling pins and balls rearranged in numerous sexual positions, where the pins represent the male genitalia. Further on in the dream, Mod, who is a strong independent character, is represented by Viking costume she is wearing. Contrary to this, she still required help from the Dude when bowling. In the Big Lebowski bowling is seen as a male dominated activity. During the scene where the Dude and Mod Lebowski engage in sexual intercourse, the Dude pores himself a White Russian. The Dude explains that the alcohol and marijuana helps him think. Im keeping on a very strict drug regiment to ahh, keep my ahh, mind limber. This is shown when almost immediately after he smokes his marijuana and pours his White Russian he figures out where big Lebowskis money is. In contrast to this, the drugs and alcohol can also be seen as an obstacle in the Dudes effort to solve the case. At one point the Dude crashes his car after spilling his drink and dropping a lit joint onto his lap. In another scene the Dude is arrested because his White Russian was drugged. Drugs and alcohol become a paradox of the Dudes success. With these motifs in mind we are able to see that the Coen brothers used different motifs show any number of different things about the film. They are able to mesh together themes of masculinity to societys views of the weak. With this, the Big Lebowski has a theme which can only be called eclectic.

Julia Ward Howe Biography

Julia Ward Howe Biography Known for: Julia Ward Howe is today best known as the writer of the Battle Hymn of the Republic. She was married to Samuel Gridley Howe, educator of the blind, who was also active in abolitionism and other reforms. She published poetry, plays and travel books, as well as many articles. A Unitarian, she was part of the larger circle of Transcendentalists, though not a core member. Howe became active in the womens rights movement later in life, playing a prominent role in several suffrage organizations and in womens clubs. Dates:  May 27, 1819 - October 17, 1910 Childhood Julia Ward was born in 1819, in New York City, into a strict Episcopalian Calvinist family. Her mother died when she was young, and Julia was raised by an aunt. When her father, a banker of comfortable but not immense wealth, died, her guardianship became the responsibility of a more liberal-minded uncle. She herself grew more and more liberal- on religion and on social issues. Marriage At 21 years old, Julia married the reformer Samuel Gridley Howe. When they married, Howe was already making his mark on the world. He had fought in the Greek War of Independence and had written of his experiences there. He had become the director of the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston, Massachusetts, where Helen Keller would be among the most famous students. He was a radical Unitarian who had moved far from the Calvinism of New England, and Howe was part of the circle known as the Transcendentalists. He carried religious conviction in the value of the development of every individual into work with the blind, with the mentally ill, and with those in prison. He was also, out of that religious conviction, an opponent of slavery. Julia became a Unitarian Christian. She retained until death her belief in a personal, loving God who cared about the affairs of humanity, and she believed in a Christ who had taught a way of acting, a pattern of behavior, that humans should follow. She was a religious radical who did not see her own belief as the only route to salvation; she, like many others of her generation, had come to believe that religion was a matter of deed, not creed. Samuel Gridley Howe and Julia Ward Howe attended the church where Theodore Parker was minister. Parker, a radical on womens rights and slavery, often wrote his sermons with a handgun on his desk, ready if necessary to defend the lives of the runaway slaves who were staying that night in his cellar on their way to Canada and freedom. Samuel had married Julia, admiring her ideas, her quick mind, her wit, her active commitment to causes he also shared. But Samuel believed that married women should not have a life outside the home, that they should support their husbands and that they should not speak publicly or be active themselves in the causes of the day. As director at Perkins Institute for the Blind, Samuel Howe lived with his family on campus in a small house. Julia and Samuel had their six children there. (Four survived to adulthood, all four becoming professionals well known in their fields.) Julia, respecting her husbands attitude, lived in isolation in that home, with little contact with the wider community of Perkins Institute or Boston. Julia attended church, she wrote poetry, and it became harder for her to maintain her isolation. The marriage was increasingly stifling to her. Her personality was not one which adjusted to being subsumed in the campus and professional life of her husband, nor was she the most patient person. Thomas Wentworth Higginson wrote much later of her in this period: Bright things always came readily to her lips, and a second thought sometimes came too late to withhold a bit of a sting. Her diary indicates that the marriage was violent, Samuel controlled, resented and at times mismanaged the financial inheritance her father left her, and much later she discovered that he was unfaithful to her during this time. They considered divorce several times. She stayed, in part because she admired and loved him, and in part because he threatened to keep her from her children if she divorced him - both the legal standard and common practice at that time. Instead of divorce, she studied philosophy on her own, learned several languages - at that time a bit of a scandal for a woman - and devoted herself to her own self-education as well as the education and care of their children. She also worked with her husband on a brief venture at publishing an abolitionist paper, and supported his causes. She began, despite his opposition, to get more involved in writing and in public life. She took two of their children to Rome, leaving Samuel behind in Boston. Julia Ward Howe and the Civil War Julia Ward Howes emergence as a published writer corresponded with her husbands increasing involvement in the abolitionist cause. In 1856, as Samuel Gridley Howe led anti-slavery settlers to Kansas (Bloody Kansas, a battlefield between pro- and anti-slavery emigrants), Julia published poems and plays. The plays  and poems further angered Samuel. References in her writings to love turned to alienation and even violence were too clearly allusions to their own poor relationship. When the American Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act- and Millard Fillmore as President signed the Act- it made even those in Northern states complicit in the institution of slavery. All U.S. citizens, even in states that banned slavery, were legally responsible to return fugitive slaves to their owners in the South. The anger over the Fugitive Slave Act pushed many who had opposed slavery into more radical abolitionism. In a nation even more divided over slavery, John Brown led his abortive effort at Harpers Ferry to capture arms stored there and give them to Virginia slaves. Brown and his supporters hoped that the slaves would rise in armed rebellion, and slavery would end. Events did not, however, unfold as planned, and John Brown was defeated and killed. Many in the circle around the Howes were involved in the radical abolitionism that gave rise to John Browns raid. There is evidence that Theodore Parker, their minister, and Thomas Wentworth Higginson, another leading Transcendentalist and associate of Samuel Howes, were part of the so-called Secret Six, six men who were convinced by John Brown to bankroll his efforts which ended at Harpers Ferry. Another of the Secret Six, apparently, was Samuel Gridley Howe. The story of the Secret Six is, for many reasons, not well known, and probably not completely knowable given the deliberate secrecy. Many of those involved seem to have regretted, later, their involvement in the plan. Its not clear how honestly Brown portrayed his plans to his supporters. Theodore Parker died in Europe, just before the Civil War began. T. W. Higginson, also the minister who married  Lucy Stone  and Henry Blackwell in their  ceremony asserting womens equality  and who was later a discoverer of  Emily Dickinson, took his commitment into the Civil War, leading a regiment of black troops. He was convinced that if black men fought alongside white men in the battles of war, they would be accepted as full citizens after the war. Samuel Gridley Howe and Julia Ward Howe became involved in the  U.S. Sanitary Commission, an important institution of social service. More men died in the Civil War from disease caused by poor sanitary conditions in prisoner of war camps and their own army camps than died in battle. The  Sanitary Commission  was the chief institution of reform for that condition, leading to far fewer deaths later in the war than earlier. Writing the Battle Hymn of the Republic As a result of their volunteer work with the  Sanitary Commission, in November of 1861 Samuel and Julia Howe were invited to Washington by President Lincoln. The Howes visited a Union Army camp in Virginia across the Potomac. There, they heard the men singing the song which had been sung by both North and South, one in admiration of John Brown, one in celebration of his death: John Browns body lies amouldering in his grave. A clergyman in the party, James Freeman Clarke, who knew of Julias published poems, urged her to write a new song for the war effort to replace John Browns Body. She described the events later: I replied that I had often wished to do so.... In spite of the excitement of the day I went to bed and slept as usual, but awoke the next morning in the gray of the early dawn, and to my astonishment found that the wished-for lines were arranging themselves in my brain. I lay quite still until the last verse had completed itself in my thoughts, then hastily arose, saying to myself, I shall lose this if I dont write it down immediately. I searched for an old sheet of paper and an old stub of a pen which I had had the night before, and began to scrawl the lines almost without looking, as I learned to do by often scratching down verses in the darkened room when my little children were sleeping. Having completed this, I lay down again and fell asleep, but not before feeling that something of importance had happened to me. The result was a poem, published first in February 1862 in the Atlantic Monthly, and called Battle Hymn of the Republic. The poem was quickly put to the tune that had been used for John Browns Body - the original tune was written by a Southerner for religious revivals- and became the best known Civil War song of the North. Julia Ward Howes religious conviction shows in the way that Old and New Testament Biblical images are used to urge that people implement, in this life and this world, the principles that they adhere to. As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free. Turning from the idea that the war was revenge for the death of a martyr, Howe hoped that the song would keep the war focused on the principle of the ending of slavery. Today, thats what Howe is most remembered for: as the author of the song, still loved by many Americans. Her early poems are forgotten- her other social commitments forgotten. She became a much-loved American institution after that song was published but even in her own lifetime, all her other pursuits paled besides her accomplishment of one piece of poetry for which she was paid $5 by the editor of Atlantic Monthly. Mothers Day and Peace Julia Ward Howes accomplishments did not end with the writing of her famous poem, The Battle Hymn of the Republic. As Julia became more famous, she was asked to speak publicly more often. Her husband became less adamant that she remain a private person, and while he never actively supported her further efforts, his resistance eased. She saw some of the worst effects of the war- not only the death and disease which killed and maimed the soldiers. She worked with the widows and orphans of soldiers on both sides of the war, and realized that the effects of the war go beyond the killing of soldiers in battle. She also saw the economic devastation of the Civil War, the economic crises that followed the war, the restructuring of the economies of both North and South. In 1870, Julia Ward Howe took on a new issue and a new cause. Distressed by her experience of the realities of war, determined that peace was one of the two most important causes of the world (the other being equality in its many forms) and seeing war arise again in the world in the Franco-Prussian War, she called in 1870 for women to rise up and oppose war in all its forms. She wanted women to come together across national lines, to recognize what we hold in common above what divides us, and commit to finding peaceful resolutions to conflicts. She issued a  Declaration, hoping to gather together women in a congress of action. She failed in her attempt to get formal recognition of a Mothers Day for Peace. Her idea was influenced by Ann Jarvis, a young Appalachian homemaker who had attempted starting in 1858 to improve sanitation through what she called Mothers Work Days. She organized women throughout the Civil War to work for better sanitary conditions for both sides, and in 1868 she began work to reconcile Union and Confederate neighbors. Ann Jarvis daughter, named Anna Jarvis, would of course have known of her mothers work, and the work of Julia Ward Howe. Much later, when her mother died, this second Anna Jarvis started her own crusade to found a memorial day for women. The first such Mothers Day was celebrated in West Virginia in 1907 in the church where the elder Ann Jarvis had taught Sunday School. And from there the custom caught on- spreading eventually to 45 states. Finally the holiday was declared officially by states beginning in 1912, and in 1914 the President, Woodrow Wilson, declared the first national  Mothers Day. Woman Suffrage But working for peace was also not the accomplishment which eventually meant the most to Julia Ward Howe. In the aftermath of the Civil War, she, like many before her, began to see parallels between struggles for legal rights for blacks and the need for legal equality for women. She became active in the  woman suffrage movement  to gain the vote for women. T. W. Higginson wrote of her changed attitude as she finally discovered that she was not so alone in her ideas that women should be able to speak their minds and influence the direction of society: From the moment when she came forward in the Woman Suffrage Movement ...  there was a visible change; it gave a new brightness to her face, a new cordiality in her manner, made her calmer, firmer; she found herself among new friends and could disregard old critics. By 1868, Julia Ward Howe was helping to found the New England Suffrage Association. In 1869 she led, with her colleague  Lucy  Stone, the  American Woman Suffrage Association  (AWSA) as the suffragists split into two camps over black versus woman suffrage and over state versus federal focus in legislating change. She began to lecture and write frequently on the subject of woman suffrage. In 1870 she helped Stone and her husband, Henry Blackwell, found the  Womans Journal, remaining with the journal as an editor and writers for twenty years. She pulled together a series of essays by writers of the time, disputing theories that held that women were inferior to men and required separate education. This defense of womens rights and education appeared in 1874 as  Sex and Education. Later Years Julia Ward Howes later years were marked by many involvements. From the 1870s Julia Ward lectured widely. Many came to see her because of her fame as the author of the  Battle Hymn  of the Republic; she needed the lecture income because her inheritance had finally, through a cousins mismanagement, become depleted. Her themes were usually about service over fashion, and reform over frivolity. She preached often in Unitarian and Universalist churches. She continued to attend the Church of the Disciples, led by her old friend James Freeman Clarke, and often spoke in its pulpit. Beginning in 1873, she hosted an annual gathering of women ministers, and in the 1870s helped to found the Free Religious Association. She also became active in the womans club movement, serving as president of the New England Womens Club from 1871. She helped found the Association for the Advancement of Women (AAW) in 1873, serving as president from 1881. In January 1876, Samuel Gridley Howe died. Just before he died, he confessed to Julia several affairs hed had, and the two apparently reconciled their long antagonism. The new widow traveled for two years in Europe and the Middle East. When she returned to Boston, she renewed her work for womens rights. In 1883 she published a biography of Margaret Fuller, and in 1889 helped bring about the merger of the AWSA with the rival suffrage organization, led by  Elizabeth Cady Stanton  and  Susan B. Anthony, forming the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). In 1890 she helped to found the General Federation of Womens Clubs, an organization which eventually displaced the AAW. She served as director and was active in many of its activities, including helping to found many clubs during her lecture tours. Other causes in which she involved herself included support for Russian freedom and for the Armenians in the Turkish wars, taking once again a stand that was more militant than pacifist in its sentiments. In 1893, Julia Ward Howe participated in events at the Chicago Columbian Exposition (Worlds Fair), including chairing a session and presenting a report on Moral and Social Reform at the Congress of Representative Women. She spoke at the to the  1893 Parliament of the Worlds Religions, held in Chicago in conjunction with the  Columbian Exposition. Her topic, What is Religion? outlined Howes understanding of general religion and what religions have to teach each other, and her hopes for interfaith cooperation. She also gently called for religions to practice their own values and principles. In her last years, she was often compared to Queen Victoria, whom she somewhat resembled and who was her senior by exactly three days. When Julia Ward Howe died in 1910, four thousand people attended her memorial service. Samuel G. Eliot, head of the American Unitarian Association, gave the eulogy at her funeral at the Church of the Disciples. Relevance to Womens History Julia Ward Howes story is a reminder that history remembers a persons life incompletely. Womens history can be an act of remembering- in the literal sense of re-membering, putting the parts of the body, the members, back together. The whole story of Julia Ward Howe has not even now, I think, been told. Most versions ignore her troubled marriage, as she and her husband struggled with traditional understandings of the wifes role and her own personality and personal struggle to find herself and her voice in the shadow of her famous husband. Im left with questions to which I cannot find answers. Was Julia Ward Howes aversion to the song about John Browns body based on an anger that her husband had spent part of her inheritance secretly on that cause, without her consent or support? Or did she have a role in that decision? Or was Samuel, with or without Julia, part of the  Secret Six? We dont know, and may never know. Julia Ward Howe lived the last half of her life in the public eye primarily because of  one poem  written in the few hours of one gray morning. In those later years, she used her fame to promote her very different later ventures, even while she resented that she was already remembered primarily for that one small accomplishment. What is most important to the writers of history may not be necessarily the most important to those who are the subject of that history. Whether it was her peace proposals and her proposed  Mothers Day, or her work on winning the vote for women- none of which were accomplished during her lifetime- these fade in most histories beside her writing of the  Battle Hymn of  the Republic. This is why womens history often has a commitment to biography- to recover, to re-member the lives of the women whose accomplishments may mean something quite different to the culture of their times than they did to the woman herself. And, in so remembering, to respect their efforts to change their own lives and even the world. Source Hungry Heart: The Literary Emergence of Julia Ward Howe: Gary Williams. Hardcover, 1999.Private Woman, Public Person: An Account of the Life of Julia Ward Howe from 1819-1868: Mary H. Grant. 1994.Julia Ward Howe, 1819 to 1910: Laura E. Richards and Maud Howe Elliott. Reprint.Julia Ward Howe and the Woman Suffrage Movement: Florence H. Hull. Hardcover, Reprint.Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: A Biography of Julia Ward Howe: Deborah Clifford. Hardcover, 1979.Secret Six: The True Tale of the Men Who Conspired with John Brown: Edward J. Renehan, jr. Trade Paperback, 1997.

Article Review on Marketing Ethics

Article Review on Marketing Ethics Article Review on Marketing Ethics: Marketing is one of the most important strategies towards the growth of a company. Most business people and marketers are coming up with strategic ways in which they can sell their products to different consumers in a given region. This has led to the need for close focus on ethnic minority groups especially in the United States where there are different ethnic communities. Ethnic marketing is all about a marketer or business person using marketing strategies aimed at attracting a particular ethnic group. With the big numbers of ethnic minority groups in major countries in the world especially in the US, marketers have to develop their marketing strategies to incorporate these other communities since they are part of the larger market. This has grown over time leading to focus on African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians among others since marketers have realized that most of the expenditure is from the ethnic groups thus a need to make them feel more recognized and appreciated by the companies. This is an analysis on the article, ‘Ethnic Marketing: McDonalds is Lovin It’ McDonald Company was among the first companies to implement ethnic marketing strategy. According to Helm, McDonalds have taken cues from Asians, African Americans and Hispanics to develop menus and advertising to encourage middle class Caucasians to buy smoothies and snack wraps in the same way they consume hip hop and rock ‘n’ roll (Helm 4). The CEO says that the ethnic minorities seem to set the trend on how they should enter into the market. This is because they prefer things done in a certain way and the snacks prepared according to their taste and preferences which make them make frequent purchases. Ethnic marketing also involves the marketer incorporating staff from the ethnic communities to show the customers that they also appreciate working with people of their kind. McDonald’s has set the trend for minority groups advertisements which are special for each group to feel represented other than the generalized advertisement (Helm 1). There are various principles to help a marketer successful in ethnic marketing that include valuing; cultural uniqueness of the target group, cultural group’s beliefs, symbols, and practices, differences in language, practices, accents and social conduct, bridge building and cooperation between leaders and other interest communities and valuing word of mouth and interpersonal communication to spread the message. McDonald is ranked as the best at standardization of its marketing through the Big Mac which has been used to measure inflation in the world. Through its low prices and the new menus McDonald’s sales have increased in the year. The launch of the Fiesta menu led to more sales in Hispanic neighborhoods and more sales from the whites as a way of appreciating the strategy and variety of its products. Definitely, people want to try different tastes of other ethnic communities too. The sensitivity in ethnic marketing has led to development of new product. The advertising committee is comprised of more African American, Asian and Hispanic focus groups, to reach out to their target consumers. Many companies adopt ethnic marketing as they are left with no choice but to standardize their advertisements, personal selling among other marketing tools. Having a large market, which is comprised of consumers with different preferences, requires a marketer to focus on the needs of these groups to help in making your products acceptable to satisfy the needs of the large market like McDonald does.