Stative Verb and Action Verb Essay Example for Free

Stative Verb and Action Verb Essay All verbs in English are classified as either stative or action verbs (also referred to as dynamic verbs). Action verbs describe actions we take (things we do) or things that happen. Stative verbs refer to the way things are their appearance, state of being, smell, etc. The most important difference between stative and action verbs is that action verbs can be used in continuous tenses and stative verbs can not be used in continuous tenses. Action Verbs Shes studying math with Tom at the moment. AND She studies math with Tom every Friday. Theyve been working since seven oclock this morning. AND They worked for two hours yesterday afternoon. Well be having a meeting when you arrive. AND We are going to meet next Friday. Stative Verbs The flowers smell lovely. NOT Those flowers are smelling lovely. She heard him speak in Seattle yesterday afternoon. NOT She was hearing him speak in Seattle yesterday afternoon. Theyll love the concert tomorrow evening. NOT Theyll be loving the concert tomorrow evening. Common Stative Verbs There are many more action verbs than stative verbs. Here is a list of some the most common stative verbs: Be , hate, like, love, need, belong, believe, cost, get, impress, know reach, recognize, taste, think, understand You may notice that some of these verbs can be used as action verbs with different meanings. For example, the verb to think can either express an opinion, or the process of considering. In the first case, when think expresses an opinion it is stative: I think she should work harder on her math. She thinks he is a fantastic singer. Think, however, can also express the process of considering something. In this case think is an action verb: Theyre thinking about buying a new house. Shes thinking of joining a health club.

Use of Gender in Advertising

Use of Gender in Advertising Gender and Media Advertising. Introduction: The final dissertation will research, analyze and summarize the findings pertaining to the use of gender in advertising and the possible effects on the target market and society. The media advertising covered to include both print and electronic media and will, at minimum, encompass examples from magazines, television and Internet advertising, as they are the most pervasive within western society. A brief history of advertising and common techniques used in advertising, such as branding, to be included as background information. Methodology.   Content analysis to be done on selected major advertising campaigns in the three specified media of magazines, television and Internet. Additional quantitative analysis tools will be used, where required. Body   The research question to be addressed is: Identify and analyze the use of gender in media advertising, and its probable effects on society and summarize the findings. Provide background information on the historical and ethical use of advertising, including marketing techniques and refer to key proponents of the subject. For the purpose of the dissertation the following definitions will be applied throughout Gender  (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender): â€Å"the characteristics, whether biological or socially influenced, by which people define male and female.† (Myers, 2002)Advertising (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising) Generally speaking, advertising is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, usually by an identified sponsor. To achieve the required results, information and advertisements will be gathered from multiple sources; including magazines with different target audiences, television advertising and related articles, as well as Internet sites that promote specific products. Internet sites to include both product sites which are selected by the consumer and pop up advertising which is unsolicited. The content analysis of the data will take into consideration the techniques used, how appropriate the gender usage is related to the nature of the product being marketed and the target audience. The results to be summarized, categorized and reported based on the different media being evaluated as they use differing marketing techniques. This could result in gender content in advertising being less appropriate in certain mediums, based on the target audience and whether the target had the choice to select the specific advertisement. Printed media provides standard content for all consumers who view or purchase the magazine Television advertising is timed, niche type marketing to gain the attention of the most likely target market e.g. car related products advertised during NASCAR racing   Internet advertising is often one-on-one marketing based on the specific consumers past usage of Internet sites and information gathered by marketers on consumers from their web sites. e.g. Amazon analyze purchases made and then advertise selected products based on this history data to that individual consumer Certain products advertise using all of the above channels and are likely to prove to be good examples for inclusion in the dissertation. They will provide a total view of a product’s advertising strategy, as well as have a broad effect on society. Such products advertising could include additional channels, such as billboards and cinema advertising and this should be noted and included, where applicable. Where possible, marketing research carried out by the products marketing company will be included to validate the target markets and identify their marketing strategies.    The analysis must include the use of both men and women in advertising and the results need to identify and specify the differences and similarities in the use of both in the specific advertisements.   For this to provide a balanced comparison, the products for both sexes should be comparable, e.g. apparel. In addition to specifically looking at the effects of gender in advertising, any product that displays misleading facts, either by inclusion or omission of relevant facts, in any aspect, is to be investigated and included in the results. I believe that the dissertation will show that there are many examples of gender being included inappropriately by the media. If the introduction of a specific gender in an advertisement has no bearing on the product or the usage thereof, and is included only to engage the interest of the potential consumer, the inclusion is likely to be unnecessary and probably inappropriate. Such misuse could result in a number of negative effects on the consumer, for example Raises false expectations of the effect of the product being marketed Creates stereotypes in the minds of the general public which are erroneous Literature review As part of the analysis, identify and read up articles from key authors on the subject matter and include their findings relating to gender issues in advertising and any other appropriate sources outputs in the dissertation. Assumptions The dissertation is limited to advertising for an adult market and will not include marketing specifically aimed at children or teens. The study will only include media in English that is primarily used in the western world If specific print magazines, periodicals, companies or advertising campaigns are to be included in the study, this will be stated by the client The dissertation relates to advertising directed at the general public and therefore excludes business-to-business marketing and advertising strategies. Possible Limitations The topic will be limited to media advertising in English speaking, western society only, although I believe the use of gender in advertising could have a far greater negative impact in the Middle and Far East. The culture of consumers differs across Europe and the Americas and certain cultural groups will view advertisements differently. If the advertising has been customized by country or region to accommodate differing cultures, this could fragment some of the results. Conclusion: The choice of suitable products and the media advertising utilized is vital to the quality of the final dissertation. Tables and graphs to be included to illustrate the findings, where applicable. The dissertation will summarize the findings of the analysis carried out and document both the negative and positive aspects of gender usage as studied in media advertising. Any unethical practices identified which result in misleading the target market to be included, regardless of whether they specifically relate to the inclusion of gender bias.

An Analysis of The Other in All of Us, As Evoked by E.R. Burroughs Tar

An Analysis of The Other in All of Us, As Evoked by E.R. Burroughs' Tarzan Human nature is one of self-awareness. Because of that awareness, it is necessary for us to define ourselves by looking at the world around us and deciding what groups we fall into, and what groups we do not. Those groups we feel a part of become a safe haven, and those groups we feel separated from are seen as foreign, exotic, dangerous, or even subhuman. â€Å"The Other† must exist for human beings to define themselves individually. Our recognition of our differences in relation to others gives us our humanity and our individuality. But our curiosity about The Other still remains. Edgar Rice Burroughs’ novel, Tarzan, is a discourse on our fascination with otherness: our reactions to â€Å"the other,† and our desire to discover how the other sees us. Burroughs’ has structured the novel so that readers are forced out of their traditional roles, taking on those of The Other. In so doing, readers see things about themselves that were invis ible to their individual selves, but obvious to outsiders. Burroughs avoids using this technique to reveal any great truths about society, choosing rather to entertain and amuse, but through entertaining his readers, he cannot help but give them a vehicle for rediscovering themselves. In Tarzan, there are two main kinds of â€Å"other,† two worlds, juxtaposed. Tarzan and his jungle constitute one world; Jane and â€Å"civilization† constitute another. Orbiting these two main worlds, are several moons, such as the Mbonga village and the mutineers. Tarzan might even be considered a moon, since there is no one like him, and he belongs to no group but his own. Tarzan’s jungle world would likely be foreign to most rea... ...girl, but found a new sense of self and identity, as does the reader. Burroughs has taken the readers on a journey away from themselves and into a place they could never go alone. He takes them outside of themselves, away from all that is safe and predictable, and gives them a chance to be reborn as an â€Å"other.† And in remaking the reader into an â€Å"other,† the reader is naturally given the opportunity to see society, and perhaps even his own little corner of society, through new eyes. He warns the reader to remember the feelings evoked by Tarzan and to be true to his new self. It is not only the places or events described in Tarzan that make it so enduringly entertaining; it is the chance to see our own lives as something unique, unusual, and significant. Works Cited: Burroughs, Edgar Rice. Tarzan: The Adventures of Lord Greystoke. Ballantine Books, 1972.

Fedex Case Analysis :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Fedex Case Analysis Federal Express is the world’s largest package delivery company today. They have been successful mainly because of their technological advancements. Technology has allowed them to have superior customer service and quality that was unparalleled by any company. No company was able to offer overnight delivery of packages with the speed and precision that Federal Express did. Although Federal Express remains ahead of its competition today, their advantages over other firms in the industry are slowly diminishing. FedEx’s modeling capability gave them a competitive advantage as they implemented new methods and technology. They currently have a SuperHub with several regional hubs and packages are managed and tracked by a system called COSMOS. This system allowed customers to know where their packages were at all times and was later integrated for web use, allowing customers to track packages over the Internet. Today, UPS also allows customers to track packages over the Internet and has improved customer service. I would assume that they have developed a mainframe similar to that of FedEx to decrease FedEx’s competitive advantage. The United States Postal Service, which has lower rates, has also increased their customer service and quality. FedEx must find new technological advancements to stay ahead of the competition in the package delivery industry. However, expanding into different businesses seems to be one of the strategic directions of the company. This direction is driven by increased competition in their current industry. New businesses, such as logistics, will have wider margins for FedEx and help them to increase revenues and profits. Also, FedEx should continue to expand and invest in the international market because it is growing at a rate faster than that of the domestic market. FedEx spends a lot of money on improving their technology, which has proven to be successful in the past, but their key to success today is expanding into new businesses and the international market. FedEx’s financial statements shows that its assets have not been utilized as well as other firms in their industry, but their profitability is better than other industry firms. Still they must decrease selling and administrative expenses while increasing sales.

International Buisness

(a) What was the critical catalyst that led Kodak to start taking the Japanese market seriously?until early 1980s when Fuji launched an aggressive export drive, attacking Kodak in the north American and European markets. ====================(b) From the evidence given in the case do you think Kodak’s charges of unfair trading practices against Fuji are valid? Support your answer.The charges were very valid.the Japanese government helped to create a ‘ profile sanctuary’ for Fuji in Japan by systematically denying Kodak access to Japanese distribution channels for consumer film and paper. Kodak claims Fuji has effectively shut Kodak products out of four distributors that have a 70% share of the photo distribution market. Fuji has an equity position in two of the distributors, gives large year –end relates and cash payments to all four distributors as a reward for their loyalty to Fuji, and owns stakes in the banks that finance them. Kodak also claims that Fuj i uses similar tactics to control 430 wholesale photo furnishing labs in Japan to which it is the exclusive supplier. Moreover Kodak’s petition claims that the Japanese government has actively encourages these practicesWhich company is truly Multinational ? Why?COMPANY A IS Geocentrism ORIENTATION [GLOBAL MULTI ORIENTED]Integrated global outlook More powerful total company throughout Better quality of products and services Worldwide utilization of best reaources Improved local country management Greater commitment to global objectives Higher global profitsCOMPANY B– IS ETHOCENTRIC Ethnocentric Orientation †¢ domestic market extension concept: †¢ Domestic strategies, techniques, and personnel are perceived as superior †¢ International customers, considered secondary †¢ International markets regarded as o outlets for surplus domestic production †¢ International marketing plans o developed in-house by international division 2 List three differences between Company , Multi National company and Trans Multi National Company ? Content of the Four Basic Multinational Strategies a) Explain why MNCs have located R & D centres in developing countries?SOME OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES OFFER(a) access to highly qualified scientists as shortages of research personnel emerge in certain fields in industrialised countries, (b) Cost differentials in research salaries between developing and industrialised countries, and (c) rationalisation of operations, assigning particular affiliates the responsibility for developing, manufacturing, and marketing particular products worldwide.(b) Mention the areas where R & D activities can easily be decentralised.1.INTEGRATED CHIPS/OPTICAL DATA DEVICESFor instance, Sony Corporation of Japan has around nine R & D units in Asian developing countries. It has three units in Singapore conducting R & D on core components such as optical data shortage devices, integrated chip design for aud io products and CD-ROM drives, and multimedia and microchip software.2. VIDEO/ DESIGN/DERIVATIVE MODELS It has three units in Malaysia working on video design, derivative models and circuit blocks for new TV chases, radio cassettes, discman and hi-fi receiver designs.3.DESIGN UNIT FOR COMPACT DISCS/RADIO CASSETTES ETC It has one unit in Republic of Korea focusing on the design of compact discs, radio cassettes, tape recorders, and car stereos.4.DESIGNING/DEVELOPING RECORDERSIt has one in Taiwan designing and developing video tape-recorders, minidisk players, video CDs, and duplicator. Finally, it has one unit in Indonesia focusing on the design of audio products.Such units often work in collaboration with science and technology institutes in the host country. For instance, Daimler Benz has established such a unit in Bangalore, India, in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Science to work on projects related to its vehicles and avionics business. Current work includes interfac e design of avionics landing systems and smart GPS sensors for use by the group’s business worldwide.VARIABEL COST 27000 30000 57000FIXED COST 13000 13000 2600040000 43000 830001. The Profit Volume ratio [pvr] pvr=contribution/ sales =sales-variable cost / sales = 95000-57000/95000= 0.40 ====================== 2. Fixed Expenses=======26000 ======================= 3. Break-Even Sales Sales- variable = contribution margin Break even sales= total annual fixed cost ___________________ Contribution margin/total sales =26000/ 0.40 =65000.4. Percentage of margin of safety †¢ Subtract from the projected sales the amount of sales you need to break even. For example, if you anticipate sales of $95,000, but only need $65,000 to break even, subtract $65,000 from $95,000 to get a safety margin of $30,000. †¢ 2Divide the safety margin by the projected sales to find the margin of safety ratio. In this example, divide $30,000 by $95,000 to get 0.315. †¢ †¢ 3 Multiply the margin of safety ratio by 100 to find the margin of safety percentage. In this example, multiply 0.315 by 100 to get an 3.15 percent margin of safety.

Major causes of unemployment Essay

â€Å"Outline the major causes of unemployment and social consequences of unemployment for the Australian economy†. There are a number of causes of unemployment, which ultimately result in both positive and negative consequences for Australias economy. These causes are outlined as follows. Economic growth is possibly the most influential factor causing unemployment. The demand for labour is a derived demand, meaning that it is determined by the level of demand for goods and services in an economy. This means that if an economy is experiencing low levels of economic growth, aggregate demand will fall, thus decreasing the demand for labour, which will result in an increase in unemployment. resulted in a strong decline in unemployment (stimulus). Australias unemployment rate is currently at 5.1%, its lowest since the 1970s (stimulus). Unemployment may also be caused by technological change This can have a negative effect on unemployment as a company may replace labour with capital in order to become more efficient. Jobs are lost as technology is now used instead, or people dont have the skills required for the new production methods therefore increasing unemployment. However, the labour force may undergo further education and training to acquire the new skills needed, thus reducing unemployment. Labour productivity is a significant factor affecting the level of unemployment. Low level of productivity tends to encourage employers to use capital in reference to labour in production therefor increasing unemployment. The cost of labour also impacts upon the unemployment rate. If the cost of labour is high, employers will replace labour with capital therefor increasing unemployment, but if it is relatively low, employers will rather choose to employ more workers, thus increasing unemployment. One of the reasons for a rapid increase in labour costs may be the inflexibility of the labour market due to regulations for e.g. 2006 IR laws resulting in higher minimum wages than would occur if wages were set through the interaction between the demand and supply of labour. In addition, the process of structural change in the economy often involves significant short term costs, unemployment. Job losses are greater in less efficient industries and in areas undergoing major reforms, such as public utilities that are being privatised. For e.g. large tariff cuts have contributed to the loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector. Structural change also includes reductions in protection. If local producers can no longer compete internationally there will be a rise in unemployment, however this will be beneficial to the labour market in the long term as efficient industries emerge. The unemployment rate may also occur as a result of government macroeconomic policy. The governments macroeconomic policy can influence the level of unemployment in the short to medium term, through their influence in the business cycle. With the implementation of contractionary macroeconomic policy, with budget deficits and tighter monetary policy this results in higher interest rates and less government spending leads to a slowdown in economic growth and investment causing unemployment to increase. Another reason for declining unemployment is changing participation rates and school retention rates. During an economic upswing the participation rate (labour force / working age population x 100) is known to rise as discouraged job seekers re-enter the labour force and begin to actively look for work again. This means economic growth needs to be high enough to absorb both the unemployed and those returning to the labour force for unemployment to decline. As more students are completing high school and entering tertiary education, young people are entering the work force later. This means that the size of the labour force is reduced, which improves the rate of unemployment. Furthermore, once students finish their studies and enter the labour force they have greater knowledge and skills, improving their  employment prospects. A consistently high level of unemployment has negative social effects on society, individuals and the economy. Unemployment within an economy has dire consequences on society. Increased inequality is the most severe cost within society. Unemployment tends to affect lower income earners such as the young, unskilled, indigenous Australians, regional Australia and those migrants who were born overseas. Because unemployment means a loss of income for these social class they become relatively worse off compared to higher income earners as they struggle to cater for their day to day needs, therefore contributing to poverty and overall inequality in income distribution. Unemployment is associated with many of the most serious and personal social problems in Australia. Among families and individuals, especially those who suffer from long-term unemployment, there is an increased incidence of social problems; including homelessness/housing problemssever financial hardshipfamily tensionserosion of confidence and self esteemincreased levels of debtloss of work skills making it all the more difficult to re-enter the workforceincreased social isolationpoor health, psychological disorders and suicideThese social problems have an economic cost for the community as a whole, since more resources must be directed towards dealing with them. Money to be spent on resurrecting peoples lives takes away funds from satisfying community wants. All in all, unemployment is one economic issue which has to be looked at very closely, as the consequences listed above are just some of the realities brought about by unemployment. â€Å"Discuss Australias recent unemployment performance.†Even though Australia has low unemployment rate in comparison to other OECD countries, unemployment has been a significant economic policy challenge in Australia for the past three decades. Australia began experiencing low unemployment rates during the 1960s and early 1970s, however an increase in unemployment figures gradually occurred during the mid 1970s. For the last 25 years to 2006 Australias unemployment rate has averaged 8%. However the current unemployment rate fell to its lowest in 30 years, to approximately 4.7% in 2006-2007, proving it has entered a new era of sustained unemployment due to sustained economic growth. During the 1990s the unemployment rate peaked at 10.7%, the highest level since the great depression due to the severe recession in Australia and the global economy. Falling AD resulted in the closure of many firms and cutbacks in production, which led to cutbacks in labour therefore increasing unemployment. Australias slow progress on unemployment during this period was also due to the strength of labour productivity growth which meant businesses were able to increase their output without hiring new staff. Through the extensive structural change and micro economic reform unemployment during this period worsened. As new technologies emerged and production techniques changed people who lost their job found it more difficult to obtain new jobs in emerging industries. Since the 1990s recession, Australias unemployment levels have been falling gradually due to its consistent economic growth levels over the past 15 years bringing unemployment to its minimum level of approximately 4.8%. Australia needs economic growth rates of at least 3.75% in order to make progress in reducing unemployment. This only occurs as unemployment can only be reduced if AD (economic growth) exceeds the total of productivity growth plus growth in the labour force. This relationship is mainly referred to as Okuns Law. Since the beginning of this decade, productivity growth has been much slower, which has meant the unemployment rate has continued to fall even though economic growth has only averaged around 3%. Over the last 5 years, Australias unemployment rate has remained below the OECD average but many countries still have lower unemployment levels including Ireland New Zealand  and Japan. â€Å"Assess the policy options available to the government to achieve a sustained reduction in the level of unemployment†The labour markets ability to sustain low unemployment is a result of improved Macroeconomic Policy frameworks and extensive Microeconomic Reform over a long period of time. Macroeconomic Policy allows the government to alter aggregate demand in the economy through the use of Monetary and Fiscal Policy. As 8 out of the last 9 budgets have achieved a Fiscal Balance, our 2004-05 Budget has a relatively small surplus with payments being sent, totalling to 1% of GDP, at the end of the financial year and the cash rate has been below 5.5% for 39 months the Howard government have held Macroeconomic Policy in expansionary ground for a substantial period of time. This has resulted in 13 years of strong sustainable economic growth and, thus, elimination of cyclical unemployment. Monetary Policy assists by smoothing out the business cycle and reducing fluctuations in aggregate demand. The RBA has chosen to maintain low interest rates because of the effects higher interest rates would have on unemployment, among other factors. Over the past three years Australia experienced a Real Estate boom. This has resulted in a major growth in debt and construction in Australia. An increase in interest rates for many of the heavily indebted would dramatically reduce their disposable incomes, hence reducing aggregate demand and causing unemployment. Also within the last 12 months 9 out of every 10 jobs created was in construction, meaning massive job loss should interest rates rise. Furthermore this will affect many other industries such as retail and whitegoods, which have benefited from this increased demand. Fiscal Policy enables the government to inject revenue into regions or specific groups within the economy. The Budget 2004-05 aims to address demands by increasing participation and productivity through a number of initiatives. One of the major incentives that will impact upon unemployment is the reduction of the Welfare Trap. This addresses mainly low and  middle-income families that remain unemployed, as they are financially better off just receiving welfare. The package will increase the incentives to take on additional work, seek advancement, acquire skills and ultimately increase the labour force participation rate. Microeconomic Policies are policies aimed at individual industries that are seeking to improve efficiency and productivity of the producers. These have allowed governments to deregulate the Labour Market as previously the over-regulated and inflexible labour market and wage determination process was viewed as damaging to the Labour Market. The introduction of the WORKPLACE RELATIONS ACT 1996 aims to decentralise the Workplace Relations System by discouraging the use of third parties, such as the AIRC. Instead the Australian Government are encourging encouraging employers and employees to reach outcomes based on the circumstances of their particular enterprise or organisation. Formal collective agreements can be made directly between employers and employees, known as Australian Workplace Agreements. Although these agreements must meet a global no-disadvantage test, to ensure the agreement isnt unlawful or less favourable, the agreement is largely between the employer and employee. Workplace agreements have contributed to improved productivity, higher real wages and greater access to family-friendly provisions. Previously rigid award regulations have been simplified. A safety net is ensured, providing minimum standards to protect employees (especially the low-paid). The actual terms and conditions are, however, determined by an agreement at the workplace. The WORKPLACE RELATIONS ACT also makes compulsory union membership illegal, allowing employees greater fredom of choice. This has also contributed to the declining power of the unions. The WORKPLACE RELATIONS ACT now protects businesses from unlawful industrial action. This has lead to reducing strikes to the lowest levels in Australias history. Unfair dismissal laws have been replaced with a new fair go all  round law, as it was found this law had contributed to the loss of at least 77,000 jobs in small businesses. Through the introduction of the Job Network inefficiencies of job training and placement were reduced. With more efficient Labour market Services the unemployed were able find desired positions faster, hence reducing Frictional unemployment. The Work-for-the-Dole Scheme is part of the Howard Governments mutual obligation principle. This requires 18 to 24 year olds that have been on benefits for more than six months to participate in and activity in addition to job search. This has assisted over 200,000 unemployed to rebuild self-confidence, and develop work ethic and skills Although this does encourage regeneration of work habits the Work-for-the-Dole Scheme conveys very few technical or vocational skills. The New Apprenticeship Scheme has also benefited by organising apprenticeships for 70% of school leavers that dont go to university. The Government also provides businesss that employ those previously unemployed with wage and training subsidies to provide incentive for employers taking a risk on the unemployed. Bibliography -Australian Department of Foreign Affairs & Trade (http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/australia/index.html – Australian Facts). http://www.oecd.org/country/0,3021,en_33873108_33873229_1_1_1_1_1,00.htmlhttp://www.oecd.org/document/28/0,2340,en_2649_34569_37147228_1_1_1_1,00.htmlBooks-† TIm Dixon† Australian Economics 2007

5. 2 Microeconomic Level Micro-Economic Level - 1587 Words

5.2 Micro-economic level Several narratives show that the rate of enterprise ownership are higher among immigrants than non-immigrants in most developed economies such as the US, UK, Canada, Germany, France and Australia (Taylor et al. 2014; Gomez et al. 2015; Linden et al. 2017). The study by Gomez et al. (2015) indicates while the rate of self-employment surges amongst immigrants, the rate is decreasing among non-immigrants in the US. The study by Linden et al. (2017) in most European countries shows that skilled immigrants are likely to begin enterprises with around 8 employees than comparable non-immigrants. This is because they understand the field they operate in through the training they have gained. Gomez et al. (2015) use the†¦show more content†¦Despite earlier reasons for assuming that immigrants are more entrepreneurial than non-immigrants, empirical evidence does not support this premise (Turkina and Thai, 2013). An OECD study found that immigrant entrepreneurs – as measured by the rate of sole proprietorship – is more prevalent than non-immigrant entrepreneurship in only 15 countries out of 26 OECD countries (OECD, 2015). This suggests that in approximately half of the OECD countries, immigrants are not likely than non-immigrants to engage in sole proprietorship. In addition, in countries with large percentages of immigrants such as Germany, Italy and Sweden, immigrants are less likely than non-immigrants to engage in sole businesses (OECD, 2015). Interestingly, Linden et al. (2017) notes that immigrants living in Germany perceived themselves as having limited skills to operate businesses and were more risk averse than non-immigrants. 6. Discussion The study found that immigrant entrepreneurs to possess the same psychological and personal entrepreneurial attributes as non-immigrant where businesses are opened due to necessity factors or opportunity factors. However, most literature indicate that the immigrant entrepreneur is more committed and willing to sacrifice to make the business a success. Multiple reasons have been mentioned as a motivator for resilience among immigrant entrepreneurs such as a need for a source of income to provide for the family – survival;Show MoreRelatedMicroeconomic and Tourism1182 Words   |  5 PagesMicroeconomic and Tourism I. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. II. The significance of tourism to economic. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ III. The impact of tourism on local society. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... IV. The effects of tourism on microeconomics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. V. UAE as an example for the subject. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. VI. Clusters and competitiveness of the UAE. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦................ VII. Conclusion. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ VIII. List of figures. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Read MoreComparative Study on Consumption Patterns of Soft Drinks and Fruit Juices846 Words   |  4 PagesJuices A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OF SOFT DRINKS AND FRUIT JUICES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Soft Drinks were common preference among all the individuals before juices were being introduced, With the changing lifestyle and income levels, people are shifting their consumption patterns and have therefore become more health conscious thus leading to increase in demand of juices. Market Research is based on some underlying parameters like: †¢ Changing consumption pattern †¢ HealthRead MoreMicroeconomics1441 Words   |  6 Pagesexamples give 5 reasons why the study of microeconomics is important. 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Analysis of the EPA 1997 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2518 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Act Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The EPA established in 1997 was set up with the key objectives of protecting and sustaining the environment for years to come, however it seems that this legislation has been forgotten about and pushed away. The reason why it has been forgotten and neglected is unclear, some say ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s for the benefit of Australia, a better economic Australia, but no matter what way you interpret these opinions it will remain a gross miss treatment of Australian legislation. The objectives placed by the EPA are there for the safety and well being of the Environment apart from the objectives not working, the simple fact is that they are failing to do the job which they were designed to do. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis of the EPA 1997" essay for you Create order Economical Advancement The Common law has not provided much protection for the environment in the past and only recently governments have started taking environmental issues seriously, this neglect was brought about due to economic and industrial progress. So in our current society people can natural assume that since we are so, advance that environmental laws setup to protect and preserve as in the objectives put forward by the EPA of 1997, yet we still see the environmental laws being pushed aside for economical growth. In a recent case, The Wandoan Coal Mine Case involved an objection to a major new open-cut coal mine proposed to operate for 30 years in Queensland () this is a clear example of the law of which is put in place to protect the environment is pushed aside for economical benefit. The Paradise Dam Case involved an application in the Federal Court for a declaration and an injunction to restrain an alleged breach of a condition of approval under the EPBC Act for a l arge dam in Queensland () another clear violation of the legislation put in place to protect and preserve instead its neglected for economical gain. This is just a small outline of some violations which have been made against the EPA, which highlights the fact that the objectives put forward by the EPA are not working. Neglect for the Laws The legislation is pretty black and white when referring to what is a violation and what a violation isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t, however the government seems to find ways to bend and self interpret the laws to suit them. This is neglect for the law, that body our society as a whole and every member no matter who they are must follow them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Clive Palmers nickel refinery pumped toxic waste into Great Barrier Reef parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  () one of many cases, the amazing thing about this one was they allowed him to dump seven times before interfering and stopping under the EPA laws. This shows how a man with money and power is able to b end the system in his favour he only received a fine for 1.5 million but caused damages which will take years to mend, if the EPA objectives and guidelines where being followed properly this issues would have never accrued. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The 2010 Great Barrier Reef oil spill occurred on 3 April 2010, when the Chinese bulk coal carrier, MV Shen Neng 1 ran aground east of Rockhampton in Central Queensland, Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  now this accident wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t necessary a fault due to the EPA however the EPA failed to have sufficient coverage of tracking over the great barrier reef for ships travelling through which stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Great Barrier Reef Vessel Traffic Service was not able to warn him due to limited coverage of the area by their systems.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  () Point is if they followed the objection of protection, than proper coverage would be assumed. These simple cases that show how people in our society neglect or environment and it generally ends worse off than when it started leading to the idea that the EPA objectives arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t working. General public The EPA wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t just established to protect the environment from big companies and the government but also from the general public. When putting the act into practice, all parties from the big to small must be enforced however in some cases the general public are being pardoned for violations against the act due to the idea that the law is only enforced to big parties. A recent case saw a small family fighting the courts Legislation This Act is the Environment Protection Act 1997. Objects (1) The particular objects of this Act areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  (a) to protect and enhance the quality of the environment; and (b) to prevent environmental degradation and adverse risks to human health and the health of ecosystems by promoting pollution prevention, clean production technology, reuse and recycling of materials a nd waste minimisation programs; and (c) to require people engaging in polluting activities to make progressive environmental improvements, including reductions of pollution at the source as such improvements become practical through technological and economic development; and (d) to achieve effective integration of environmental, economic and social considerations in decision-making processes; and (e) to promote the concept of a shared responsibility for the environment by acknowledging environmental needs in economic and social decision-making; and (f) to promote the concept of a shared responsibility for the environment through public education about and public involvement in decisions about protection, restoration and enhancement of the environment; and (g) to promote the principles of ecologically sustainable development; and (h) to regulate, reduce or eliminate the discharge of pollutants and hazardous substances into the ai r, land or water consistent with maintaining environmental quality; and (i) to allocate the costs of environmental protection and restoration equitably and in a way that encourages responsible use of, and reduces harm to, the environment with polluters bearing the appropriate share of the costs that arise from their activities; and (j) to facilitate the implementation of national environment protection measures under national scheme laws; and (k) to provide for the monitoring and reporting of the environmental quality on a regular basis in conjunction with the commissioner for sustainability and the environment; and (l) to control the generation, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste with a view to reducing, minimising and, where practical, eliminating harm to the environment; and (m) to adopt a precautionary approach when assessing environmental risk to ensure that all aspects of environmental qual ity, including ecosystem sustainability and integrity and beneficial use of the environment, are considered in assessing, and making decisions in relation to, the environment; and (n) to ensure that contaminated land is managed having regard to human health and the environment; and (o) to coordinate all activities as are necessary to protect, restore or improve the ACT environment; and (p) to establish a process for investigating and, where appropriate, remediating land areas where contamination is causing or is likely to causeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  a significant risk of harm to human health; or (ii) a significant risk of material environmental harm or serious environmental harm; and this Act must be construed and administered accordingly. (2) For subsection (1) (g), ecologically sustainable development means the effective integration of economic and environmental considerations in decision-making processes and to be achievable through implementation of the following principles: (a) the precautionary principle, namely, that if there is a threat of serious or irreversible environmental damage, a lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation; (b) the inter-generational principle, namely, that the present generation should ensure that the health, diversity and productivity of the environment is maintained or enhanced for the benefit of future generations; (c) conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity; (d) improved valuation and pr icing of environmental resources. (3) In this section: national scheme laws meansà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  (a) the National Environment Protection Council Act 1994 (Cwlth); and (b) the National Environment Protection Council Act 1994 Case Studies High Court of Australia The Tasmanian Dam Case is the most famous and influential environmental law case in Australian history. In it, the Commonwealth Government succeeded in stopping a large hydro-electric dam proposed to be constructed in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. Federal Court of Australia The Flying Fox Case involved an application for an injunction to restrain the killing of thousands of flying foxes. The case was heard in the Federal Court in 2000-2001 and was the first test of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (EPBC Act ). The Nathan Dam Case involved a judicial review application and an appeal against a decision involving a proposed large dam in cen tral Queensland. The case was heard in the Federal Court. It was a major test case for environmental impact assessment under the EPBC Act and established that direct and indirect impacts of an action are relevant when assessing the impacts of actions under the Act. The Greentree Case involved an important trial and appeal in the Federal Court of Australia to restrain farmers in northern NSW from contravening the EPBC Act by clearing and ploughing 100 ha of a Ramsar Wetland in preparation for planting a wheat crop. The Japanese Whaling Case involved an application for a declaration and an injunction in the Federal Court under the EPBC Act to restrain Japanese whaling in the Australian Whale Sanctuary adjacent to Antarctica. The Wildlife Whitsunday Case involved a judicial review application in the Federal Court against decisions under the EPBC Act involving the greenhouse gas emissions from two large coal mines in Queensland. The Anvil Hill Case involved a judicial review application in the Federal Court against a decision under the EPBC Act concerning greenhouse gas emissions from a large coal mine in New South Wales, known as the Anvil Hill Project. The Waratah Coal Case involved judicial review proceedings in the Federal Court undertaken in 2008 by Waratah Coal Inc against a refusal of a $5.3 billion coal mine, railway and port by the Federal Environment Minister. The Paradise Dam Case involved an application in the Federal Court for a declaration and an injunction to restrain an alleged breach of a condition of approval under the EPBC Act for a large dam in Queensland. The Lamattina Case involved a civil prosecution in the Federal Court of a South Australian farmer for clearing 170 eucalyptus trees, thereby causing a significant impact on a threatened species contrary to section 18 of the EPBC Act. Alec Finlayson Pty Ltd v Armidale City Council involved litigation for negligence against a NSW local government for approving a resident ial development on contaminated land. The Volga Cases involved two related proceedings concerning the arrest of the Russian-flagged longline fishing vessel, Volga, which was apprehended by the Australian Navy for illegally fishing for Patagonian Toothfish in the Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ) adjacent to Heard and McDonald Islands, remote and uninhabited islands 4000 km southwest of Perth. Queensland Planning and Environment Court The Pelican Links Cases involved a series of cases in the Planning and Environment Court, Magistrates Court, District Court and Court of Appeal involving pre-emptive clearing and a planning appeal for a large residential development near Caloundra in South-East Queensland. The Tornabene appeal is a case study of a routine and typical development application and subsequent appeal under Queenslands planning laws. The Cassowary Case involved an appeal in the Planning and Environment Court under the Integrated Planning Act 1997 (Qld) concerning t he impacts of a proposed rural residential subdivision on cassowary habitat. The Donnybrook Sand Mine Case involved an appeal in the Planning and Environment Court about a large sand mine adjacent to a Ramsar Wetland. The Frippery Case involved an application under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Qld) to restrain the electrocution of flying-foxes. Two trials were heard in the Planning and Environment Court and two appeals were made to the Queensland Court of Appeal. The Yardley Case involved another application under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Qld) in the Planning and Environment Court to restrain the electrocution of flying-foxes. The Plumbs Chambers Case involved an appeal in the Planning and Environment Court against demolition of two cultural heritage listed buildings at Warwick. Queensland Land and Resources Tribunal The Newlands Coal Mine Case involved an objection in the Queensland Land and Resources Tribunal (LRT) against the greenhouse gas emissio ns from the mining, transport and use of coal from the expansion of a large open cut coal mine in Queensland. The Sonoma Coal Mine Case involved an objection in the LRT against the greenhoues emissions from the mining, transport and use of coal from a large open cut coal mine in Queensland. Land Court of Queensland The Khyber Case involved an appeal to the Land Court of Queensland by a landholder against refusal of a tree clearing permit under the Land Act 1994 (Qld) for a pastoral property known as Khyber. Applications for broadscale clearing such as involved in this appeal are no longer possible due to the phase-out of broadscale land clearing in Queensland in 2006. This case study is provided to explain and illustrate the operation of the concepts involved in Queenslands vegetation management system in practice. The Wandoan Coal Mine Case involved an objection to a major new open-cut coal mine proposed to operate for 30 years in Queensland and produce 1.3 billion tonn es of greenhouse gases. District Court of Queensland R v Dempsey involved an application for leave to appeal to the Queensland Court of Appeal against a sentence imposed by the District Court of Queensland for illegal logging in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. The decision in the appeal stated important principles for sentencing of serious environmental crimes done for commercial gain. R v Boyle involved a prosecution and sentencing of a serious environmental crime in the District Court of Queensland. The facts involved clearing of a large swath of a national park by a grazier to allow ease of movement of his cattle between paddocks. Magistrates Court of Queensland Broughton v Nguyen involved a summary criminal prosecution in the Magistrates Court of Queensland for fisheries offences resulting in a $30,000 fine. NSW Land and Environment Court The Hudson Case involved a criminal prosecution in the NSW Land and Environment Court for illegal clearing of native vegetation on a grazing property known as Yarrol near Moree. The accused, Mr Hudson was convicted and fined $408,000, plus costs. NSW Local Court EPA v Feodoroff involved a summary criminal prosecution and sentencing for a relatively minor environmental offence in the NSW Local Court at Ballina. The case also involved a dispute on costs. Victorian Supreme Court Brown Mountain Logging Case involved a proceeding in the Victorian Supreme Court to restrain logging at Brown Mountain in East Gippsland. Victorian Civil Administrative Tribunal The Hazelwood Power Station Case involved a judicial review proceeding in the Victorian Civil Administrative Tribunal challenging the failure to consider greenhouse gas emissions when approving expansion of a coal mine to supply the Hazelwood Power Station. It was one of the first climate change cases in Australia. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) The Volga Cases involved two related proceedings, one in the Federal Court of Australia and the other in the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. The cases concerned the arrest of the Russian-flagged longline fishing vessel, Volga, which was apprehended by the Australian Navy for illegally fishing for Patagonian Toothfish in the Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ) adjacent to Heard and McDonald Islands, remote and uninhabited islands 4000 km southwest of Perth.