The Dark Knight By Christopher Nolan - 2179 Words

In the movie, The Dark Knight by Christopher Nolan, Joker, the immoral character, tries to create a state of dilemma in people’s point of view. This movie was aired in 2008, and it is known for its action and adventure genre. Joker tries to evoke the citizens of Gotham by putting them in dangerous terrorist attacks, in order to confuse them about the order verses disorders of the society. This essay will explore ideas such as good verses evil, socially accepted moralities. The film opens with a group of thugs wearing clown masks rubbing a bank. However, during the job each member begins to kill one another one by one, the remaining rubber reveals himself to be the joker, a crazy super villain, who escapes from the bank in a school bus. The district attorney of Gotham, Hervey Dent, is leading a campaign against organized crime and it is heralded by the citizens of the Gotham. Then, he begins to investigate other banks that are suspected of having mob ties. Several mob leaders hold a conference which is interrupted by the joker. The joker offers to kill the Batman in exchange for half of a large amount of money that was stolen from mob bosses by the Chinese man named Lau. After the joker shows a feet of his strangeness and his strength they hired the Joker. That means he needs to find Lau and brings him back to the city of Gotham to testify against the mob. Dent is able to put five hundred and forty nine criminals in custody under the Rico law. In respon se, Joker begins toShow MoreRelatedThe Dark Knight, By Christopher Nolan1398 Words   |  6 Pagesis shaped. It depends on how one attributes and characteristics are set, which is what molds a person to be who they truly are. The Dark Knight, which is directed by Christopher Nolan, is the second installment on Nolan’s batman trilogy. It is a story based on the DC character Batman, who struggles against the odds of the psychotic villain, the joker. In The Dark Knight, the main characters consist of: Batman, The Joker, Alfred, Lt. James Gordon, Harvey dent/Two Face, and Rachel Dawes; all of themRead MoreThe Dark Knight By Christopher Nolan1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie the Dark Knight directed by Christopher Nolan, starring Heath Ledger and Christian Bale, exhibits a wide variety of different psychological principles and theories. The Dark Knight is about the popular superhero, originating from the year of our Lord nineteen thirty nine, Batman and his struggle to preserv e the order in the city of Gotham, where he was born and raised. He is challenged by the strongest adversary he has ever met, a disturbed name that goes by the name the Joker, when heRead MoreReview Of Christopher Nolan s The Dark Knight 1138 Words   |  5 PagesJalen Mathis Professor Drummond English 1101 4 December 16 Prompt #3 -Scene analysis I chose to analyze The Dark Knight (2008) directed by Christopher Nolan. My scene begins at 00:01:13 and ends at 00:05:54. I chose to analyze this scene because it contains interesting points that I have recognized, as the villain shows different characteristics, using aspects such as camera angles. In this analysis, I will be looking at the setting, lighting, sound and the use of the camera and how each of theseRead MoreReview Of Christopher Nolan s The Dark Knight 1781 Words   |  8 Pages Directed by Christopher Nolan, The Dark Knight is not a film normally considered a member of the western genre by any means. The western genre is meant to captivate a viewer with action on the frontier of the ol’ west. From bank robberies to mining towns wanted for land, the western brought many new film plots and characteristics to the big screen. The main appeal of westerns started dying off in the late 1900s but that has not stopped modern day film makers from producing them. Fil ms such asRead MoreAnalysis Of Christopher Nolan s The Dark Knight Trilogy 963 Words   |  4 Pagesdirector I have chosen to write about is none other than Christopher Nolan. I chose to write about him not just because he did one of my favorite superhero movies of all time (The Dark Knight Trilogy), but he is one of my favorite directors of all time. After reading Andrew Sarris article, I will stick with the meaning of what I have said before, but there are three circles I must know: the outer, middle and inner (technique, style, and meaning). Nolan in my opinion, fits within the whole auteur thing becauseRead MoreThe Duality Within People By Christopher Nolan s The Dark Knight1278 Words   |  6 Pagesare displayed in Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight, through the character of Harvey Dent, who becomes Two-Face. Two-Face plays a crucial role for the understanding of human nature, as he is a manifestation of the inner turmoil of good versus evil that resides within peopl e. Two-Face’s corrupted and evil environment, Gotham City, contributes to the cultivation of his inner evil. The sad and negative situations that Two-Face experiences are also a cause to the development of his dark side. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Dark Knight and Defining Evil Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesempty definition. This inability to define evil manifests itself in out literature, politics and especially our entertainment. Films like The Dark Knight portray how evil can range from a true hero that is seen as a threat or villain to society to maniac that kills steals and wreaks havoc with no reason, like The Joker. In The Dark Knight Christopher Nolan portrays the difficulty in defining evil and the many forms evil can take in our society through the complex relationships between Batman, TheRead MoreA Dream Thief By Christopher Nolan1605 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Nolan s extit{Inception} depicts Dom Cobb as a dream thief with the ability to enter ones unconsci ous or subconscious through dreams, and access their secrets. His particular set of skills costs him his wife s life, and as a result, loses the ability to see his kids as well. He and a team of associates are briefed with the task to plant an idea in Robert Fischer, the heir of a multi-billion dollar empire. However Cobb s constant battle with his past proves more of an obstacle thanRead MoreThe Technical Quality of The Dark Knight1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Dark Knight The Dark Knight is an action hero film from 2008 directed and co-written by Christopher Nolan. It is Christopher Nolan’s second film based on the comic hero Batman, and it’s the second movie to the 2005 Batman Begins. As Roger Ebert explains, â€Å"It creates characters we come to care about. That’s because of the performances, because of the direction, because of the writing, and because of the superlative technical quality of the entire production.† The stars include Christian BaleRead MoreThe Dark Knight And The Departed Film Analysis1970 Words   |  8 Pagessignificant connection between the four films The Dark Knight directed by Christopher Nolan, The Departed directed by Martin Scorsese, The Prestige directed by Christopher Nolan and Gone Girl directed by David Fincher is the way in which the directors have manipulated the narrative structure to engage the audience in contrasting ways. Christopher Nolan and Martin Scorsese used equally weighted pr otagonists and antagonists in the films The Dark Knight and The Departed to create the narrative structure

Industrialization During The Civil War - 1281 Words

The Industrialization era in the United States brought immense change to the rebuilding country after the civil war. During the Industrialization era in the United States reforms were made to help create a better working condition to go along with the increase of production and growing number of people in the workforce. Key individuals helped advance the process of a more industrialized America, however corruption in business and politics also monopolies in certain parts of industries came with people’s desire to attain more wealth. The Industrialization era helped modernize the country into what we know today. When compared to the industrialization eras of other countries the United States was the shortest. The Industrialization era came to be known as the gilded age, and towards the end of industrialization was the start of the progressive era. During the progressive era social reforms, and political activism were the focal points. The start of the industrial era in the United States began after reconstruction in the south ended after the civil war. Working conditions during this time were poor and dangerous. Unlike today there weren’t as many safety regulations and procedures that workers and business had to follow in order to prevent injuries. When people were injured on the job they didn’t receive workmen’s compensation like they do today, they usually lost their job to someone who could still work. Upton Sinclair the author of the book â€Å"The Jungle† talked aboutShow MoreRelatedIndustrialization During The Civil War2117 Words   |  9 PagesIndustrializ ation after the Civil War was a major component in creating the advanced world we live in today. The industrial revolution connected America through transportation, leading to easier communication. It shifted how the process of business went about allowing productivity to skyrocket. Industrialization changed how the average person lived their life with their family and how they earned money to provide for that family. Political control was superseded by the wealthy. It shifted the majorityRead MoreIndustrialization And Urbanization During The Civil War858 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrialization and urbanization that happened in America after the civil war, is a good manifestation that the country was moving along the right path. After the war, progress in terms of investments, industrialization and urbanization was inevitable. After the civil war in America, people from the south who had been displaced and the people who were free could now move to the west to work in the cattle dri ves, fight the Indians and also begin a new life as farmers. Social Darwinism philosophyRead MoreHis 105 Assignment 21361 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Industrialization after the Civil War John E. Brown Strayer University HIS 105- Contemporary U. S. History Professor Anthony McCormack November 9, 2014 Industrialization after the Civil War When the Civil War was declared over, the United States became a better nation because of the Constitutional Amendments that were passed outlawing slavery and giving the government as well as the state the ability to serve and protect everyone. This paper will also show major aspects ofRead MoreIndustrialization After the Civil War624 Words   |  3 PagesHubbard HSI105 | 11/07/14 ------------------------------------------------- Industrialization after the Civil War Anthony, McCormick HIS1405 Kimberly Hubbard HSI105 | 11/07/14 ------------------------------------------------- Industrialization after the Civil War Anthony, McCormick HIS1405 Industrialization after the Civil War Industrialization after the civil war, came with significant changes concerning most peoples lives. There were alsoRead MoreIntroduction Of Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121577 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrial Revolution first began in North America. This location was very important for the sparking of the revolution because the railroad , which was one of the causes of industrialization, was built here. The Historical Catalysts of Industrial Revolution: †¢ The Embargo Act and the War of 1812: In the early 1800s, the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France challenged the neutrality of the United States. Britain and France created trade restrictions which was not only peaking others’ economies butRead MoreIntroduction Of The American Industrial Revolution1467 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution first began in North America. This location was very important for the sparking of the revolution because the railroad, which was one of the causes of industrialization, was built here. The Historical Catalysts of Industrial Revolution: The Embargo Act and the War of 1812: In the early 1800s, the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France challenged the neutrality of the United States. Britain and France created trade restrictions which was not only peaking others’ economies butRead MoreReconstruction and Industrialization1446 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1: â€Å"America’s Post-Civil War Growing Pains† Reconstruction and Industrialization 1865-1900 Four years after the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter the Civil War ended with the Union’s Victory over the Confederacy. Though the war was over, there were still many problems that needed to be resolved in order to reunite the states as a nation. The time period in which steps were taken to rebuild the nation is known as reconstruction. Reconstruction lasted from 1865 until 1877. TheRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121461 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution first began in North America. This location was very important for the sparking of the revolution because the railroad, which was one of the causes of industrialization, was built here. The Historical Catalysts of Industrial Revolution: The Embargo Act and the War of 1812: In the early 1800s, the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France challenged the neutrality of the United States. Britain and France created trade restrictions which was not only peaking others’ economies butRead MoreDiscuss the Political, Social, and Economic Impact of the Civil War on the Us.729 Words   |  3 PagesThe costs of the Civil War were enormous. The total number of military causalities on both sides exceeded 1 million. More men died in the Civil War than in all other American wars combined until Vietnam. However, the Civil War impacted the United States well beyond just deaths. The Civil war brought fundamental alterations in the life of the nation, changing the economy, the political landscape, as well as ways of life. Economically, wartime measures had introduced new federal involvement inRead MoreIndustrialization After the Civil War Research Paper1321 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1.2: Research Paper Industrialization after the Civil War Shana Dukes History 105 Professor Tracey M. Biagas February 3. 2014 Introduction Industrialization after the Civil War was a period where Industrial city were being built, there were jobs for people and the political aspect was having corruption. In this paper the main points in this paper discussed the major aspects of the Industrialization Revolution, such as groups that were affected by the Industrial society,

Globalization Advanced Free Trade, Open Markets, And...

Globalization advanced free trade, open markets, and competition in the world economy. Regrettably, this worldwide amalgamation and growth contributed to the equalities and inequalities between third world nation-states. The growing populace placed an extra demand on the third world nation-states for food, shelter, and clothing. Consequently, Africa, South Asia, and Latin America grew anxious since their populaces are predisposed to diseases, famine, and premature death. In chapter one of Promises Not Kept: Poverty and The Betrayal of Third-World Development John Isbister declared that in the twentieth cen ¬tury, The lives of people in the third world are changing. They are not improving, however, at least for the majority. In order to†¦show more content†¦Chapter one John Isbister book Promises Not Kept: Poverty and The Betrayal of Third -World Development brought to mind Huey Newton book Revolutionary Suicide. In the book’s Manifesto Mr. Newton differentiated between revolutionary suicide and reactionary suicide. Both he shared are social conditions that condemn a person to pre-mature death. Reactionary suicide deprives a person of human dignity; it renders the individual helpless while inducing spiritual, emotional and intellectual death in such a way that, â€Å"The victims have stopped fighting the form of oppression that drinks their blood.† This is caused by external factors that overwhelm, condemn and leaves a person powerless to gradually slip into a life of silent desperation. Revolutionary suicide, on the other hand, does not accept social conditions, but pushes against, â€Å"the forces that would drive me to self-murder.† In fact, Mr. Newton was not speaking about the taking of one’s life, but the social conditions that would cause a person or populace to relinquish all concept of security or prosperity. Undoubtedly, Mr. Isbister is determined to dispel widespread myths about third world countries gradually slipping into a life of silent hopelessness. The third world is undergoing rapid and sometimes chaotic social change: pop-ulations are growing and becoming more urbanized. Public health measures are lowering death rates. Within recent memory, nationalist independence

Crozier Head, Saint Michael Trampling the Serpent ---...

Title: Crozier Head, Saint Michael Trampling the Serpent Culture: early Christian Date: 2nd quarter in 13th century Provenience: Limoges, France Material: copper-gilt and champlevá º » enamel Measurements: 10  ¾ x 2 7/8 x 5  ½ in. As a symbol of jurisdiction and authority of high ranking catholic prelates, the crozier or known as pastoral staff at times is inspired by the shepherd’s crook. It can be used as a walking stick for support in journeys and in churches before the introduction of seats. In this crozier head, Saint Michael known as an emblem of church militant and an archangel (high-ranking angel) is battling the serpent which is the demon or satan. This figure indicate the two very opposing force between the good and evil, and†¦show more content†¦A pastoral staff with crook head shape on the top was starting to emerge. This kind of pastoral staff was called a crozier. This luxurious material made type of pastoral staff was used until nowadays. Most of this kind of pastoral staff often carved with biblical character and always show two opposing force when they were fighting to each other. Saint Michael battling the demon serpent was the most popular decoration to be carved on the crozier because it was the perfect representation of good and evil. It may be true that â€Å"In art, he is most frequently shown with a sword, either battling with or standing in triumph over a dragon or the prostrate Satan† (Jones 178). Saint Michael is one of three archangels (the other two are Gabriel and Raphael) that was mentioned in the Holy Bible. He was known as the general of heaven, protector of chosen people in earth. In early Catholic church, people considered him as the defender of Christianity. He was also charged with the guidance of souls here below, to protect them from devil’s snares and to lead them to the eternal light (Englebert, 369). Saint Michael is a famous character among all Christian figures. He often gave vision to people and give solution to every problem. An appearance of him once occurred among the monks in French, who built a monastery under his name, Mont-Saint-Michael. He also appeared in the cave of mount gargano, southern Italy on may 8th 492 and until now that

Strategic Adaptability free essay sample

Strategic adaptability is the ability of an organization to make changes in the way they conduct business and look at the various situations which arise. It is imperative that companies remain flexible enough to make adjustments that will beneficial to the well being of the company. There are many different aspects of the business world which can be benefited by the company remaining open to new ideas and options thereby being able to adapt their strategic plan to the current situation. In the case of Queen’s Hotel, changes in the hospitality industry create the need to stay current and flexible in order to maintain a competitive edge. By adapting to the changes in the hospitality industry, Queen’s Hotel will be able to attract customers by offering better customer service. SendOutCards is a company which conducts business solely online. With the growing popularity and convenience of the Internet, more and more companies are seeing a dramatic increase in the electronic side of their business. Because of the wider competition base, it is necessary for SendOutCards to find ways to set themselves apart from the other companies out there. By offering additional services, such as gift baskets, gift cards and e-cards, SendOutCards will be able to increase their sales and customer base by offering more options which will appeal to more people. 3M is a company which manufactures a wide variety of products and has a bigger opportunity to find ways to be adaptable. They can use the example of other companies which are in similar circumstances and learn lessons without the need to experience the event. By adapting in this manner, 3M will be proactive in making sure they are current with the trends and forces which may impact them. Odwalla is in the food and beverage industry and must look to the consumer for the trends which will affect their business. By staying on top of what people are looking for in their snack bars and beverages, Odwalla can provide products which will not only be natural and healthy, but they will satisfy the ever changing preferences of the health conscience consumer. The forces and trends which affect each of these businesses are many and constantly changing. We will address a few of these trends and discuss how these companies can adapt and improve their business by making strategic changes which will turn what could be a potentially difficult situation into a chance to grow and improve. Trends in the Hospitality Industry Every industry has trends and they play a big role in our society. The bell-bottom trend in clothing, the DVD player in an SUV in the car industry, the flat screen T. V. in your living room, but the most important trend is in the travel industry. What is a trend? According to dictionary. om, a trend is the general course or prevailing tendency; drift. If this is a direct quote it needs to be in parenthesis and not italicized! In marketing, it is the direction the market is heading . In economics, it is the behavior of the society. In this synopsis, three trends will be identified, their relevance in the hospitality industry explained, and how Queen’s Hotel has used the trends to strategically plan ahead. The tren ds-Travel, Internet, Casino hotels Travel: According to Plunkett, the travel business is now emerging as a more streamlined, efficient and focused industry. Many of the biggest, most successful firms are becoming extremely global in nature Is this another direct quote? (Plunkett, 2008). Many people are finding ways to travel, either for vacationing, business, or personal reasons. Internet: The information technology highway has found a way to help the consumer plan all their needs with the click of a mouse. The internet provides a simple way for consumers to shop in the privacy of their home. Casino hotels: Many hotels are now casino ready in most parts of the developed world. Casinos have become a trend that people have come to gamble with. Casinos have become part of the entertainment industry and provide a way for clients to book hotel with such amenity. Relevance of the trends in the hospitality industry Because the hospitality industry has become a way of life, many managers face unlimited opportunities to grow their businesses through the rapidly changing demands of their clients. Many hotels are partnering with travel agents to provide package deals for their clients. The travel agents are able to book hotels, tours, and attractions included with the plane ticket. Customers are able to use the internet to find deals. Not everyone prefers travel agents as they also come with a fee, therefore, many people are using the internet to package their travel needs. The internet has become a way to reward people for doing it themselves with online discounts, etc. According to a web article, 15 million people are addicted to gambling, casinos gross more than $30 billion dollars annually, 49% of 15 year olds, 63% of 16 year-olds, and 76% of 18 year-olds gamble (http://www. overcominggambling. com/facts. html Not correct citing) and this statistic is only in the U. S. Many people are attracted to casino hotels as it’s a form of entertainment. Queen’s Hotel Strategic Plan to the trends Queen’s Hotel realizes that travel, the internet and casinos are popular trends in the hospitality industry. The hotel has a website that allows customers to book online. If they do, they are given a 10% discount. The hotel has partnered with many online travel agents to provide package deals to customers. The hotel is looking to undergo a renovation to add a casino. Adding a casino in a third world hotel will give it an edge. Carlos Gift Basket Giving This trend of giving gift baskets has grown extensively in the 21st century. Gift baskets are easily available for purchase online and even more personalized than other items that you can give someone, such as flowers or candy. They allow the buyer to be more creative in their gift choice and they are a little more exciting for clients to receive. â€Å"They are beautiful and brimming with unique gifts and tasty treats. They are a more personalized gift than balloons, and more practical than sending flowers† (James). This trend has given corporate America other alternatives to market to clients, show appreciation or just to increase customer loyalty. It gives them the ability of giving something to their clients, or potential clients, which doesn’t come across as too over the top or too cheap. Relevance The reason why the trend of giving gift baskets has developed so quickly and has gained lots of popularity is that people feel they have more of a personal touch; and with the ease of ordering your gift basket over the internet, the convenience has made it easier for people to choose their options, on their own time frame, without having to go shopping at different stores or even package it nicely for the intended person. Since SendOutCards does all of their business online and offers a wide range of cards for different occasions at prices which are cheaper than those found at your local stores, the option to offer a service to clients other than cards just makes sense. Adaptability SendOutCards has decided to take the time to take advantage of this part of online business as well. Not only is their business based on the same concept of internet ease and options, they are now giving the option to send out a gift along with your card, in the form of candy, books, gift cards, gift baskets and other items. The gift basket, or gift giving industry, is a simple and convenient way to promote more business and to take advantage of a growing need for online purchasing of gifts. As Jennifer James states in her article on Fabjob. com, â€Å"Not only is the work fun and creative, but you can also start a gift basket business easily from home, by setting up a small space where you design and build your gift baskets† (James). Gift Cards The giving of gift cards has become an automatic option for business owners to give to their clients, or even as gifts. It has become so popular that people tend to give them to their family and friends for holidays and birthdays instead of taking the chance of purchasing something that may not be wanted or appreciated. Gift cards have become increasingly popular and can be found in almost any retail business. They are even found in grocery stores. It is almost to the point that people expect to find a gift card at their local retail store. Relevance According to an article in USA today by Rhonda Abrams in 2004; Two recent studies (by the National Retail Federation and by the accounting firm Deloitte and Touche) show the explosive size of the gift card market: †¢ 74. 3% of consumers will buy a gift card this holiday season †¢ 81% of consumers received a gift card last year †¢ 50. 2% of consumers would like to receive a gift card †¢ 12% of shoppers bought gift cards for their own use †¢ 11. 5% of the average consumers holiday budget will be spent on gift cards. (http://www. usatoday. om/money/smallbusiness/columnist/abrams/2004-12-10-cards_x. htm) This is not listed in References and is not correct citing! As we can see, there is a demand for gift cards and corporations are taking advantage of them. Not only do the companies use the gift cards as a selling point for people to buy gifts, they will have the opportunity to get new business from people using the cards and spending more money than what is actua lly on the card because they cannot cash out the card. According to Abrams article, â€Å"Customers buy more. 1% of gift card users spent more than the face value of the card. The average face value of a gift card in 2003 was $47. 20; those who spent more averaged a whopping $90† (Abrams, 2004). Adaptability This is an area that SendOutCards has tried to take advantage of. They do offer gift cards, but only from other businesses. They have not made the move to offer their own gift cards for their own products. It probably is not as feasible for them to do so as it may be more costly for them to pay for the cards and not have people use them since people could only use it for their products. Since most people don’t send themselves a gift or a greeting card, it would be like giving them a gift card so that they can give a gift to someone else, which defeats the purpose of giving a gift. SendOutCards has taken advantage of offering gift cards from other companies because they know there is a demand for them. They have negotiated a deal with these companies and buy them at a discounted price and have created a win-win situation for both them and the retailers who will see the extra revenue. E-Cards E-cards have developed ever since the internet has taken off. You can find about any card and in almost every language on the internet. According to an article by Keith Regan in the E-Commerce times in 2005, â€Å"According to Branch Internet Services, the first e-mail Christmas greeting cards were sent 10 years ago this season, when Dominos Farms Christmas Light Display worked with Branch to offer Web users the chance to e-mail photos of the holiday display. Fewer than 15,000 cards were sent that year, according to Branch† (Regan, 2005). Free E-Cards are offered all over the internet, but the businesses are not making much money. They were relying heavily on advertisement payments through banners and popup on their websites. Sally Babcock, of the e-card giant American Greetings Interactive said, â€Å"Since its inception, AGI, the online unit of the cards giant, has gone from a paid model to a free, ad-supported approach and has returned to a blended, mostly paid model once again† (Regan 2005). Many customers are seeing them as a real alternative to sending out a card in the mail and are even willing to pay the fees for the services. Relevance Ecards are still very popular amongst many internet users. The problem is that they still don’t have the personal touch that a physical card has. According to Babcock, â€Å"Even those who sell them for a living acknowledge that the day may never come when electronic greeting cards replace paper cards. But eCards are already far more than just a time-wasting diversion or a low-cost alternative to the real thing† (Regan, 2005). Some backers like the ecard approach because of the environmental friendly aspect of it. Adaptability The way SendOutCards has adapted to this industry is to offer a service that the online E-cards have not offered to this point. They offer to actually send out a physical card to a client, family, friend or acquaintance directly to the persons’ home. They have even offered the option for their users to send the card in their own handwriting, which personalizes the card that much more. They know that the e-card business is good for their target market, but the market which SendOutCards wants to target is those who want to make a bigger impression. AGI has tried this in the past but has not been successful in its attempts. Babcock admits, â€Å"Also gaining traction are online options to have cards personalized, printed and in some cases even mailed. In those cases, the customer is paying for convenience, said Babcock. â€Å"AGI also offers a print-at-home line of cards, she noted† (Regan, 2005). SendOutCards wants to be able to make a difference in people’s lives. They have the idea that it is more meaningful for people to go to the mail box, open it up and have the physical experience of reading the personalized card. SendOutCards has made it more affordable to be able to send out a card from your computer than it would cost you to go to the store, pick one out, stamp it and physically mail it out. They will do it for you, which takes about 60 seconds to do it all (Eliason, 2008). This is their niche that the industry has not caught up to as of yet. Being able to adapt to the economy and your competition is what will set you apart from others. SendOutCards has the difficult task to stay on top of its competitors by being able to offer a service that other businesses don’t have. They have taken the example of the gift basket industry and implemented what they could to be competitive in the gift giving industry. They know that they can gain clients who want more than just a greeting card. With this knowledge, they have implemented the procedure of offering other options besides just the greeting cards. SendOutCards also applied the example of the demand for the convenience of a gift card. This is an option which they developed in partnership with various retailers. They receive a discounted price for the gift cards in exchange for offering clients the option to purchase them thus allowing both to make money from the proceeds of the card. This also gives clients a larger variety of options. SendOutCards has an advantage over the E-Card industry by offering not only to package and send an actual card, but to do so in the handwriting of the client. They have developed a system which allows people to send the card without leaving their home to shop for the card and the hassle of finding a stamp to send it. They are trying to appeal to the people who still feel it more personal to send a card by traditional mail rather than by e-mail. Johnson and Johnson, Inc. Johnson and Johnson, Inc. s an example of an organization that has had to adapt with strategy to forces or trends that have surrounded the corporation. Johnson and Johnson recently fell into a safety predicament which required immediate action by the company to salvage its image. Johnson and Johnson found themselves losing customers and sales due to the danger of one of their products. Following the death by overdose of several individuals, including youth and child ren, Johnson and Johnson was forced to recall thousands of unsafe bottles of Tylenol (Macdonald, 2007). The primary changes that the company made were in relation to the bottle the Tylenol came in and the removal of a potentially deadly ingredient in the Tylenol. Immediately Johnson and Johnson recalled the entire defective product line and removed all existing product from the shelves. This act alone cost the company millions of dollars and substantial time in revamping the new bottle and new Tylenol formula. Despite this great challenge, Johnson and Johnson was able to seize the opportunity to remarket their product as a newly revamped and safer product. After recalling and removing the defective product, Johnson and Johnson set out a new marketing campaign to reestablish their public image as a safer and more consumer conscience product. The ad campaign worked. Tylenol is now viewed as one of the safest products on the market. 3M could benefit from such a marketing campaign. 3M is a company much like Johnson and Johnson. They both manufacture and distribute millions of different products used all across the globe. Because of the expanse of the market that 3M is targeting, the potential for safety concerns and problems is dramatically increased. M must constantly keep a watchful eye to be apprised of any issues that should arise. An environmental scan will also keep 3M apprised of any safety concerns which arise within the market that could affect their company. Strategic planners with 3M can learn from those at Johnson and Johnson because of the accuracy and timeliness which they responded to the challenge, thus turning it into an o pportunity. In the future, 3M is sure to encounter environmental factors that will place their products in the path of new regulations or circumstances that could threaten the success of the organization. M must act as Johnson and Johnson did by using accurate environmental scanning and acting in a timely manner to save the company. Southwest Airlines Another paramount example of environmental scanning used by strategic planners to help an organization thrive is Southwest Airlines’ use of fuel hedging. â€Å"Using some simple and some complex investment strategies, Southwest has for a decade locked in the prices it pays for large amounts of jet fuel months and even years ahead of time. Its success at that has protected it from run-ups in crude oil prices and dramatically cut its fuel expenses† (Reed, 2008). One area of grave concern in the U. S. economy is the cost of fuel. People all across the country are looking for alternative fuel and cheaper transportation as a means of saving money. The airline industry, on the other hand, has no other resource available. There is no hybrid airplane neither is there one which can run on alternative fuel. Therefore, airlines are forced to look elsewhere to save money. Southwest Airlines has used environmental scanning to conclude that fuel prices are constantly on the rise and can be locked in a contract to be purchased in mass quantities for a cheaper price. By allocating additional funds to pre purchase fuel at a lower cost, Southwest Airlines is placing themselves in a win-win scenario. The oil company would be glad to secure an agreement for guaranteed sales and the Airline Company will jump at the opportunity to save money on fuel that they are certainly going to use. Fuel hedging has proven effective for Southwest Airlines and a similar approach can be an effective money saving technique for 3M as well. 3M constantly manufactures millions of products. The company is constantly receiving supplies of materials from distributors. M must always be on the lookout for trends in the environment that could affect the prices of the products they use in manufacturing. If the company can accurately predict which products will rise in cost due to extenuating circumstances, they can either look for an alternative product or seek some sort of pre purchase order price for said product similar to Southwest Airlines’ use of fuel hedging. Toyo ta Toyota Motor Corporation is a classic example of an organization that is constantly scanning the environment for forces or trends that can affect their business. This strategy has enabled Toyota to become the number one automobile maker in the world (Liker, 2004). When a customer purchases a Toyota they are getting a quality product. Toyota has been successful in environmental scanning in several areas, but in particular they have excelled in a market that is increasingly concerned with fuel economy. Toyota has constantly been at the forefront of knowing what the customer wants and when they want it. Amid the crisis we are facing with the economy, and especially the rising fuel costs, Toyota is able to provide customers with a fuel efficient car. The difference between Toyota’s fuel efficient cars and those of the competition is timeliness. Toyota had anticipated the need for a fuel efficient car long before it became a priority for the competition. Now while the competition scrambles to make a vehicle similar to a fuel efficient Toyota, Toyota is focusing on bettering their product and placing themselves even further ahead of the competition. This is an example of how Toyota has done accurate scanning of the remote environment. The remote environment includes: economic factors, social factors, political factors, technological factors, and ecological factors. Managers must consider the availability of credit, level of disposable income, and the propensity of people to spend when considering economic factors. Other things to consider are the prime interest rates and the gross national product (Robinson, 2004). Toyota has taken into consideration these factors. They have accurately looked at the environment and what the consumer is dealing with and they have catered to the customer accordingly. 3M would do well to follow suit. Much like Toyota, 3M manufactures products for their customers and is not immune to environmental factors. Because of these facts, 3M must adopt an environmental scanning strategy that will enable them to adapt to forces in the environment and come out triumphant. ODWALLA Functional Beverages â€Å"Functional beverages are drinks that have been enhanced with added ingredients to provide specific health benefits beyond general nutrition†¦Consumers are seeking specific health benefits in their foods and beverages and these functional drinks fit neatly into the ‘healthiness-on-the-go’ market† (Sharon Palmer, 2008). Functional beverages are gaining popularity over soft drinks as more and more people are looking for healthier alternatives. These drinks have added ingredients which help to promote a healthy image. Some of these functional beverages have FDA approved claims while others have only minimal amounts of vitamins and minerals and do not provide any real health benefit (Sharon Palmer, 2008). Many companies are beginning to offer a wider variety of functional beverages. Even companies in the children’s beverage market are capitalizing on the turn towards better for you foods and beverages. ‘[A]s more parents seek healthier beverage options for kids, I foresee the continued trend toward more products being all natural, organic, lower in calories, lower in sugar, or having more specific fortifications within their formulations,’ predicts Phan† (Goldschmidt, 2008) senior brand manager at Hansen’s. With this trend gaining popularity among consumers of all ages, it is more than just a passing phase; it is the new way of thinking. Relevance Because functional drinks are quickly becoming an industry staple, Odwalla Inc. is constantly gaining new competitors. With the increase in the number of competitors, Odwalla must always be innovative in its product development. While Odwalla’s products are all natural and retain as much of the natural vitamins and minerals found in the ingredients used, there is a more pressing need for Odwalla to make these benefits known to consumers as the options available are becoming greater. Strategic Adaptability As Odwalla analyzes the growing competition, they will need to remain innovative with their marketing and advertising. They will want to make sure that consumers are aware of the many health benefits already available in their products. They will want to emphasize the fact that their products have always been all natural and fresh with the least amount of processing possible in order to maintain the inherent nutritional value of the ingredients which go into each and every product made. By highlighting these strong points, consumers will be able to see why paying a little more for a much better product really is a better value. Probiotics â€Å"Probiotics are a host of healthful bacteria that help break down and assimilate food† (Kane, 2008) and can be found in a wide variety of foods. Yogurt contains probiotics and many food manufacturers are adding probiotics to their products because of the great health benefit. â€Å"WITH BENEFICIAL LIVE BACTERIA CALLED PROBIOTICS. yogurt bolsters the bodys ability to fend off certain infections and helps keep the intestines healthy, allowing them to absorb more nutrientsand energy-from food† (Boone, 2008). Relevance Odwalla prides itself on providing its customers with fresh, healthy beverages and snack bars and they are always looking for new ways to make their products the best they can be. Probiotics are both healthy and natural and fit right in line with the goals of Odwalla. Since more and more companies are incorporating these bacteria into their products, probiotic additives are going to become better known by consumers and thus sought out because of their natural benefits. Strategic Adaptability Odwalla has the ability to develop a new product which would incorporate probiotics. This would enhance the benefits already afforded by consuming the all natural products of Odwalla. With more people being educated on the benefits of probiotic bacteria, there will be a demand for products which incorporate this. By adding probiotics, Odwalla would help to fulfill its mission of â€Å"soil to soul† (Odwalla President Discusses Strategy with GreenMoney Journal, 2004) because it would allow more of the natural goodness contained within each bottle of juice to reach the soul of the consumer. Specialty drinks in a declining economy The world’s economy has been stagnant and is now in a state of decline. In spite of a tough economy, consumer products manufacturers have continued to experience growth (CPG Industry: Sales Growth in Challenging Economy, 2008). The economy is not showing signs of improvement and things are only going to be getting tougher. With commodities’ prices continuing to rise, consumer products manufactures will need to adopt successful practices in strategic areas in order to continue to grow (CPG Industry: Sales Growth in Challenging Economy, 2004). Relevance The cost of commodities greatly affects the profit margin of Odwalla. They rely on having fresh products available at all times and can be crippled by shortages due to natural disasters as well as price hikes caused by the increasing cost of doing business. These things take a toll on the bottom line and can lead to financial struggle within the company as well as strained relationships with suppliers. Strategic Adaptability There are different options available to Odwalla to help them through the period of economic hardship. As they contract with suppliers, they can negotiate pricing which will benefit both parties. They have the option of purchasing farms which would produce the produce needed for their products, thereby eliminating the need for a middle-man supplier. Also, plans to produce new products can be put on hold until the economy recovers. By holding off the added expense of developing and marketing a new product, Odwalla would be able to focus on their better sellers and allow them to carry the company through the difficult times. Conclusion The world of business can be challenging and exciting. By staying on top of current forces and trends, managers are able to help their businesses thrive in an ever changing market. Change is not limited to one area or aspect of a corporation and by following the examples of other companies, change can provide a new opportunity for growth and development. Retaining the ability to adapt the strategic goals of the corporation can mean the difference in being an industry leader, or a company which has already had its day and is on its way out.

The Black Church in America free essay sample

This paper discusses the reasons the Black Church is the most stable and dominant institutional sphere in black communities in the United States. The author illustrates because of many historical factors, religion among black people is the only institutional area that was permitted to develop to any significant degree. During several centuries of slavery other institutions were deemed illegal and remained relatively undeveloped. As the only significant social institution other than the black family, the Black Church has taken on multiple roles and burdens that differ from its white counterpart. Black churches have remained overwhelmingly Protestant because blacks have little contact with Roman Catholicism. Some blacks have become Catholics, however, and because other religious orders refused black candidates, two communities of black nuns were founded the Oblate Sisters of Providence in 1829 and the Holy Family Sisters in 1842. The first black American priest, James Augustine Healy, was ordained in 1854.

International Corporation Law Class Discussion

Question: Discuss the codification of directors duties? Answer: Introduction The Companies Act 2006 introduced a codification of the directors duties. With this codification, the directors common law fiduciary duties have been placed on a legislative footing for the first time. These duties legally bind all directors including those who have been formally appointed, the de facto directors as well as the shadow directors. In this discussion paper, we shall try to evaluate whether the codification of the directors duties has been helpful or not[1]. We shall also compare the scenario with that of the situation in Australian jurisdiction under the Corporation Act. Negative views Going through the provisions of the law, we can say that the codification of the duties of the directors was an unnecessary step. The duties that have been codified do not differ from the equitable and common law counterparts to a great extent. They simply intend to place the existing laws under the common law principles into a codified aspect and in order to find out if a breach has in fact been committed by the directors or not, the courts as well as the Judges will have to refer back to pre-2006 case laws[2]. Those case laws have been founded not on the codified law but on the common law principles. One who is a layman will simply find the codified law to be a mere documentation of the already existing common law rules and nothing more than that. Positive views Of course, one might argue that the codification will lead to a statutory requirement, yet the precedents and the previous occasions definitely and clearly point to the way that these aspects had been very lucrative and lucid in the preceding years as well. The intention of the legislature behind this codification was to achieve a higher sense of duty and a better clarity f the position of todays company directors. Comparison with the world We shall now discuss if this is at par with the situation in other countries or jurisdictions across the globe. In India, with the incorporation of the revised company law in 2013, the directors duties have been given a new phase in it. The directors have been criminally liable under the new legislation for breach of their duties[3]. Comparison with Australia Coming to compare the situation with the Australian Corporation Act, we can say that the legislation is Australia is much different because there, the duties that are conferred are having a much wider access transgressing the border of the customary principles of common law. While on one hand, the law in United Kingdom is just a codified form of the already in existence laws but in other jurisdictions (particularly Australia), the law specifically provides the wide extent to which the liability of the Directors along with other officials of the company extends to. Moreover, after analyzing a few cases in both the jurisdictions, it can be said that the codification of this particular area was not at all necessary[4]. The system was running smooth enough to meet the principles of justice. Conclusion The law which aimed to codify directors duties has not been able to meet the standard that it aimed at by the legislators. References Azmi R and Abd Razak A, 'Paradigm Shift Or Mere Codification Of Law: A Review Of Directors Duties In Malaysia' (2012) 38 Commonwealth Law Bulletin Nordberg D and McNulty T, 'Creating Better Boards Through Codification: Possibilities And Limitations In UK Corporate Governance, 19922010' (2013) 55 Business History Overland J, 'Liability For Insider Trading: Learning Lessons From Australia' (2009) 2 International Journal of Private Law Riley C, 'Company Law Whither UK Corporate Governance?' (2012) 1997 ac [1] Juliette Overland, 'Liability For Insider Trading: Learning Lessons From Australia' (2009) 2 International Journal of Private Law. [2] Donald Nordberg and Terry McNulty, 'Creating Better Boards Through Codification: Possibilities And Limitations In UK Corporate Governance, 19922010' (2013) 55 Business History. [3] C. A. Riley, 'Company Law Whither UK Corporate Governance?' (2012) 1997 ac. [4] Ruzita Azmi and Adilah Abd Razak, 'Paradigm Shift Or Mere Codification Of Law: A Review Of Directors Duties In Malaysia' (2012) 38 Commonwealth Law Bulletin.

Leadership Mandiant Cyber Security Company

Mandiant Cyber Security Company is an American firm founded in the year 2004 (Gerdes, 2009). Kevin Mandia is the founder and the CEO of the company. Before starting the company, Mandia had worked in the security industry for more than 12 years. As such, he had served in the US air force as a computer security analyst and a computer forensic officer. Mandia formed the organization after he realized that there were going to be a lot of computer intrusion in the future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership: Mandiant Cyber Security Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, the company’s headquarter is based in Virginia. In America, the firm has several offices with more than 300 staff members. The firms’ customers include private firms, government organizations, and high-status individuals. All these customers have been overwhelmed with the firms’ ability to notify them when their systems are at threat and the material consequences of the threats. Early this year, the firm became very popular when it accused Chinese cyber attackers for stealing terabytes of information and documents from American firms and government institutions (Doll, 2013). In the allegation report, the firm asserts that Unit 61398 of the Chinese army was responsible for the attacks. In the last century, several leadership styles and theories were formulated and analyzed (Kippenberger, 2012). Notably, the basic principles of leadership such as inspiring and directing others to realize shared goals underwent through little changes in the past decades. However, leadership context, complexity, and diversity in institutions progressed immensely in the last century. The achievements behind Mandiant Cyber Security Company owe its success to the leadership styles exhibited in the firm. Effective leadership styles have not only enabled the firm to help its customers from being attacked by cybercr iminals but also enabled the company to run smoothly. As evidence from the top executives such as Kevin Mandia and Travis Reese, the firm’s top management embraces more of transformational leadership style compared with transactional leadership style. The executives’ ability to embrace dynamic leadership has enabled the firm to become accustomed to changing conditions in the cyber world. During the inception period, Mandia’s transformational leadership was evidenced through his ability to plot a clear vision of the firm’s goals, which has enabled its success. Similarly, the firm’s transformational leadership is evidenced by its ability to attract numerous and reputable organizations as its customers. Notably, the firm’s customers have been pleased with the services offered by the company.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from th e executive, the firm’s staff embraces transactional leadership style. This leadership style has been efficient for these employees as they work on fixed programs and responsibilities. For instance, when the firm receives a call from a distressed customer that his or her company is under threat from hackers, the firms delegate some of its employees to monitor the costumer’s network for a very long period (Rao Upadhyaya, 2013). Such tasks are usually very demanding and specific. Therefore, through transactional leadership styles the company has been able to achieve its goals with ease. In general, the firm’s ability to integrate modern technologies, effective security measures, policies, and appropriate leadership styles has spearheaded its success. Another type of leadership style portrayed in the firm is situational leadership. Through this leadership style, the firm’s management has been able to identify precisely the abilities and enthusiasms levels o f its employees and lay down tasks, which are suitable to their enthusiasms and abilities. Usually, IT firms undergo through many changes compared to other firms. These changes are normally met with resistance in most of the companies. However, by embracing situational leadership style a firm can be able to deal with the changes. In this regard, Mandiant Cyber Security Company has managed to survive the changes in the market by embracing situational leadership style. I believe that if the firm is to improve its leadership styles, it should adapt to the use of a single leadership approach. In my opinion, situational leadership style should be the only leadership approach exhibited in the firm. As such, this leadership style is far much superior compared with the other leadership styles. Therefore, other than focusing on three leadership styles the firm should settle on the situational leadership style and perfect its use in managing the firm. Given that a cyber security firm’s operation involves many changes, this type of leadership style is suitable for varying situations. Usually, external and internal forces lead individuals, teams, and objectives vary. In this regard, effective situational leaders should be able to tackle and respond to any kind of change. This implies that unlike other leadership styles, situational leadership style is distinct, applicable, and rational. To improve on this style the firm’s leaders should try to assess the willingness of their employees before deciding on the appropriate leadership style. Currently, the company’s popularity has risen and attracted many customers. Similarly, the company plans to expand its operations globally. This implies that the company is undergoing through various changes. In this regard, it will be useful for the firm to adapt to one leadership style, which is situational leadership style.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership: Mandiant Cyber Security Co mpany specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Doll, M. (2013). Defending the digital frontier a security agenda. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Gerdes, L. I. (2009). Cyber crime. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Kippenberger, T. (2012). Leadership styles. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub.. Rao, H. R., Upadhyaya, S. (2013). Information assurance, security and privacy services. Bingley, UK: Emerald. This essay on Leadership: Mandiant Cyber Security Company was written and submitted by user Brooklynn K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

House on Mango Street free essay sample

A prince and a princess unite to create the dream; however the dream is controlled by the prince that has an eye to dominate the dream of the woman. The Women who have became stronger through years still turn towards fairy tales to receive answers. They want their lives to become a fairy tale, and so women turn to depend solely on a man to save them in their lives, as how traditionally and in modern fairytales both depict for this to happen. The painting â€Å"Diego and I†(Mexican Painting) shows the dominance over the woman over a man’s eye. The third eye is in the middle of the forehead and that was all needed to dominate the life of the woman. The major feature of the society status is the dominance of a man. Sandra Cisneros is concerned with different aspects of life connecting to race, class, and genders, in House on Mango Street. We will write a custom essay sample on House on Mango Street or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women expect to wait for the men to dominate their lives into a fairy tale of happily ever after. Men become saviors to the women, that’s makes the women dream beyond the limits they aren’t aware off. Marin, a young girl who lives to dream believes in meeting someone â€Å"who might marry you and take you to live in a big house far away† (26). Marin feels as if she was in a prison and wants to be saved by a prince: a man who will marry her and take care of her- leaving the prison and going far away. The specific detail of far away implies the freedom she gains from the trapped place she is in currently. To gain this freedom is to find a man and marry him who he will then be in charge of Marin, the fact that he is in charge of Marin’s freedom determines the authority of her life. She believes that a man won’t be the man to dominate her life but instead become the key to her freedom. Marin is the oldest in Mango Street and gives advice to the girls living in Mango Street including Esperanza, she teaches Esperanza all about working and the world, informing her also how men work â€Å"Boys to see us and for us to see them† (27). Marin gives a source of handling men having the men be there for each individual as well as to be there for them creating contact to them that something should be given to as an exchange. Having men spot the women gives open opportunities to the men to dominate because they see the women are exposed to the man and rely on them. Marin has a boyfriend back in Puerto Rico but keeps the hopes that she might have someone in America to save her from the situation she is in. Marin’s desperation to better her life leads her to manipulative action in her dealings with men. She is a beautiful lady who wants to be rescued and â€Å"is waiting for a car to stop, a star to fall, someone to change her life† (27). Marins falling star is the car that will stop and take her away, the man who will change her life. Marin has chosen to sell herself, dancing outside waiting for that car to stop outside in the night and wait for the falling star, the star that will one day appear and conquer her dream. This metaphor compares a man with a falling star to give chances to happen, taken her away she places all her hope in a dream savior that most likely doesn’t exist. Women hinge on to men rationalizing they would save them, showing the type of waiting woman. Females are usually the sensitive, hopeful, and patient ones, and it causes the loss of happiness into depression because they are waiting for that someone to bloom them into a dream. Rafaela is stunning and it’s a curse to her life. She married a man to escape the life living at home but now her husband is too protective of herself and doesn’t let her socialize. He locks her in the apartment and doesn’t even let her look out the window; he is scared she will run away with someone else because she is beautiful. When Rafaela’s husband is out playing dominoes with his friends on Tuesday nights, â€Å"Rafaela leans out the window and leans on her elbow and dreams her hair like Rapunzel† (79). Rafaela exposes herself to the outside world yet hoping she will be rescued again by another man. She wants to be rescued by another man hopping he isn’t like all other me who trao her in the â€Å"castle†. Her position determines the sadness gaze outside but in desperate needs. Rafaela murmurs through her eyes, the distance she has now of a being a child into a woman. Rafaela is a young girl and she resents being treated like a caged animal that forces her to tell the kids to buy her sweet drinks to sweeten her childhood once again. Since she never really had a childhood because that too has also been dominated by the man, she tries to revive it by bringing in sweets from drinks. However the metaphor of Rafaela dreams her hair like Rapunzel, makes her become a reinterpretation of a fairytale, who she images to be Rapunzel. Ironically, the prince is the culprit, and not the savior. However she cannot forget the promise of another man who will change Rafaela’s life, and become the prince in â€Å"Rapunzel. † She is locked in a tower of submission, her life ticking away waiting for a man, causing the women to be classified as disabled life takers. Sally is another girl who has also been caged away from her childhood and merely depends on a man to save her from her father. Her father is afraid Sally will leave him like all his other daughters and doesn’t want her to have a man besides her. She â€Å"paints her eyes like Cleopatra† (81) that determines the coverage of her bruises. Painting her eyes like Cleopatra frames the beauty of makeup to cover up what’s behind in this case the beating from her father because of fear he has that Sally would leave his side. Sally paints her eyes, so a man wouldn’t notice when she is outside of her house for a man to love her and take her away from her father so she wouldn’t paint her eyes to conceal the damage. Esperanza is a girl who has low self-esteem still very optimistic of having a house of her own the day she says she can be proud, decides to become independent on Mango Street. She knows these stories of thinking a man will revive your dream to a lifetime situation, but that’s not the case for Esperanza. Esperanza has â€Å"decided not to grow up to live like everybody else who lay their necks on the threshold waiting for the ball and chain† (88). Esperanza believe that men will trap women and make them suffer the promises they use to conquer individuals, the freedom they give women are all lies it’s a trap so women can fall for it and become their puppets. She refused to either tame herself or wait for a man. She wants to create individually by not following what women believe the easy way out-men. Even though she lives in a neighborhood where all women depend on their man to save them like fairytales, she doesn’t believe so. Esperanza believes she can be someone different and she could dominate her own life without a man, which is unordinary because women ask for support of the man. The description of herself not wanting to lay her neck on the threshold creates a symbol of her not wanting to fall to the prison the men have and she refuses to wait for the ball and chain so she cannot become the salve to the man. In general many women believe in men who can transform magically lives into paradise so women let men have control over them, believing this way they would save them from the prison they live in but await for something shoddier. Women don’t think of the possibilities that men are the opposite to the prince in the tales, however in reality women are blinded by the hope of a myth to happen. Fairytales create dreams and the rise of hope, hoping of something impossible because it isn’t what it looks like. Mamasita is a woman who lived in a country and was brought to the United States because of her husband. He â€Å"saved and saved because she was alone with the baby boy in that country† (76). Mamasita was excited to come and urged her husband to save money and bring her because she felt alone she wanted to come and become reunited with her husband. She dreamed that United States would be amazing that it would be her fairytale come true once she gets here. However, she wanted to go back home, she wanted United States wasn’t what it seemed to be in her mind, she never left her home, she would always be in her apartment and never leave especially since she didnt know English. Her husband would always say â€Å"we are home† (78) creating the lost hopes from her desperation to go back home. The man controls where the woman is going to be. He decides home indicating that he established her position; now she has to live with it. Saying we are home created a mind confusion in her perspective of her fairytale. He â€Å"had torn the only skinny thread that kept her alive† (78). This explains the hope he has taken away from her. He dominated the hope, that the women gave access to, and killed it. The skinny thread symbolized the hope of chances to go back home to her country and be happy. The thread was torn the hope was killed by her savior that kept her hope alive, but now she’s living a nightmare. Women especially dream because they believe in their hopes, but the men dominate their hopes and kill the hope to their dreams to become true. Men wait for women to call for them, to become saviors to them and lead them into their dreams, but pursing the nightmare in between. The domination of the man toward the women creates the third eye that has control over the women controlling where, when, and what she is suppose to do. Fairytales are tales that depend on men, and women have hoped to believe in these tales because they have nothing else to believe in. When believing in these tales they bring up the expectations of the dominance of a man creating their lives to ecstasy. Believing in them is something they depend on men, and believe they will fail if they are independent, example a single mom. The irony of these tales is that in life when men dominate lives of women they dominated the entrance of the fairy-tale as well. Women become trapped in the dreams that lead them to believe in a magical place found in dreaming.

Evaluation of Strengths And Weaknesses Essay Example

Evaluation of Strengths And Weaknesses Essay Example Evaluation of Strengths And Weaknesses Essay Evaluation of Strengths And Weaknesses Essay I am evaluating the strengths of my performance, in swimming. Front crawl is the fastest stroke and gives you the feeling of being powerful in the water. I know that the skill of freestyle in swimming is one of the strengths of my performance because I have had video analysis of my strokes. It shows I have good arm action when entering the water, and my breathing is efficient because I breathe bilaterally. I can see that my leg action in this stoke is very strong, this is because I practise training my legs regularly with a kick-board. The overall efficiency of the stoke is fluent because it is smooth and well practised. My body position is at water level, this is the correct technical model. Breaststroke is the slowest of the four strokes, but that does not mean it cannot be swum powerfully and at speed. I also know that breaststroke is another strength in my performance because my coach tells me I have a wide leg action this is because I have good flexibility in my hips. My body position is flat and stationary in the water, the technical model states that you must keep your body level at the surface. The overall efficiency of the stroke is smooth and fluent, I know this because my coach informs me that I dont make any rapid splashes. My arm action entering the water is fully stretched, and during the arm pull through my elbows are high at a right angle. Butterfly is a difficult stroke to swim as it needs both stamina and style, but because I train more on this stroke I find it easier. I know that butterfly is one of the best strengths in my performance because I have had feedback from my video analysis. It shows I have a good arm action and pull through the water in a keyhole shape, because I bend my elbows at the start of the pull and keep them close to the surface. I swim butterfly well because I breathe every two strokes as this will keep my body more streamlined, and the streamline position is the more effective body position, and a more efficient way to move through the water. The video also displays that I have good hard leg action, which is the dolphin-like motion of the body through the water is known as undulation. This is because I am able to keep a fluent regular kick action, going throughout the stoke all of the time, so the overall efficiency is better. A Racing start is an really important aspect to swimming because it can determine 1st and 2nd place so you need to move off the blocks quickly as possible and into the water smoothly. I use a track start dive. I feel this is an important strength of mine because my coach has gave feedback telling me, I push off the blocks with a lot of power and it looks a fluent. I am able to consistently perform this skill correctly. Also my coach shows me I have a excellent streamlined body position when entering the water, my arms are up, squeezed by my ears with one hand on top the other. Another strength of my performance are my freestyle tumble turns, I know this because I have had video analysis. It shows that I carryout a fast somersault and a twist, this is because I have a strong leg action which flips me around, also I always practise tumble turns every training session and never miss any out. My overall efficiency is good showing that this skill has been learnt well and it is a fluent. After every tumble turn I glide and streamline off the wall. The video footage shows my body position is tight and straight, every muscle is pulling in towards the centre, trying to make my body longer and thinner. This is a different strength to my performance. Also it indicates that my legs are adducted with my toes are pointed. My arms are extended, pointing to the direction of travel, my bicep muscles are behind my ears. My fingertips are stretching and reaching as far forward as possible, this follows a technical model. A) Strategies/Tactics Strengths:  Starts and turns  I know this tactic is a strength in my performance because, when I dive into the water I can determine how long I spend gliding in a streamline position under water. I know this is a good strategy because my coach informs me I have a good streamlined position. The same technique can be used for turns you can gain a lot more length streamlining under water when pushing off the wall than swimming. Also I have a fast approach (acceleration) into wall, the speed into wall effect the speed out of the wall. This is an important tactic in a race. I know this is a strength of mine because I have had video analysis of my starts and turns and I see that my turns are consistent and fluent. Negative split through middle distance swims  A negative split is when you swim a race e.g. 400m and you swim the second 200m faster than the first 200m so your building up. This is an important tactic to have in a race because your body will know when to increase the pace and then go on to win. I know that this is a strength in my performance because I have had myself timed in a 400m race doing a negative split, so I have swum the second 200m faster than the first. This shows it is a good tactic of mine. Sprint finish  When you are swimming a middle distance race e.g. 200m and you are able to have some power left to sprint the last length or 1/2 length. This is a good tactic to have because you are able to keep your last bit of energy left at the end of the race, this can promote you to win. I know that this tactic is a strength in my performance because I have had video footage showing that in various races, I have used a sprint finish and gone on to win the race.

Birmingham Essays - Birmingham, Ladywood, Edgbaston, Smethwick

Birmingham Essays - Birmingham, Ladywood, Edgbaston, Smethwick Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside London. Birmingham is home to five universities: the University of Birmingham, Aston University, Birmingham City University, University College Birmingham and Newman University Birmingham is an important centre for religious education. Birmingham Metropolitan College is one of the largest further education colleges in the country,[213] with fourteen campuses spread across Birmingham. Birmingham has 571 parks. One of Birmingham's most popular parks is Cannon Hill Park consisting of formal, conservation, woodland and sports areas. Recreational activities at the park include boating, fishing, tennis, putting and picnic areas. The largest of the parks is Sutton Park making it the largest urban nature reserve in Europe. Birmingham Botanical Gardens are a Victorian creation, with a conservatory and bandstand, close to the city centre. The Winterbourne Botanic Garden, maintained by the University of Birmingham, is also located close to the city centre. The city centre includes of numerous public squares among them are Centenary Square, Chamberlain Square and Victoria Square. The historic Old Square is located on Corporation Street. Rotunda Square and St Martin's Square are two of the newest squares in Birmingham. The Library of Birmingham is the new home for the largest municipal library in Europe. The former Birmingham Central Library, opened in 1972, was considered to be the largest municipal library in Europe. Healthcare The Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Edgbaston houses the largest critical care unit in Europe. There are several major National Health Service hospitals in Birmingham. The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, adjacent to the Birmingham Medical School in Edgbaston, houses the largest critical care unit in Europe,and is also the home of the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, treating military personnel injured in conflict zones. Museums and galleries Birmingham has two major public art collections Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery. The council also owns other museums in the city such as Aston Hall, Blakesley Hall, the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter, Soho House and Sarehole Mill. The Birmingham Back to Backs are the last surviving court of back-to-back houses in the city. Cadbury World is a museum showing visitors the stages and steps of chocolate production and the history of chocolate and the company. Thinktank is Birmingham's main science museum, with a giant screen cinema, a planetarium and a collection that includes the Smethwick Engine, the world's oldest working steam engine.

What You Need to Know About Gables

What You Need to Know About Gables A gable is the triangular wall formed by a sloping roof. The roof is not the gable - the wall is the gable down to the roof line, but you generally need a gable roof to have a gable. Its common to name the triangular area made from a gambrel roof a gable, as well. Some definitions even include the end edges of the roof as part of the gable. When discussing gables with your architect or contractor, dont be shy about asking what their definition is. For example, some people call the gable wall as the wall on the gable side right down to the foundation. Others rightly call the gable wall as that part of the siding between the slopes of the roof. In general, the distinguishing feature of the gable is its triangular shape. Origins of the Word Gable Pronouned GAY-bull, the word gable may be derived from the Greek word kephalÄ“ meaning head. Gabel, the German word for a tined fork, seems to be a closer and more recent match to todays definition. One can imagine the impromptu construction projects at the German dining table using utensils to create primitive hut types of buildings - balancing forks, intertwined tines, into tent-like constructions. More Definitions of Gable the triangular portion of a wall defined by the sloping edges of the roof and a horizontal line between the eave line. Can also be a gabled dormer. - John Milnes Baker, AIA 1. The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building having a double-sloping roof, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. 2. A similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof or the like. - Dictionary of Architecture and Construction Types of Gables A building with a gable roof may be front-gabled, side-gabled, or cross-gabled. Like the illustration shown here, cross-gabled buildings have gables both on the front and on the side, created by a valley roof. Porches and dormers may be gabled. Gable dormers are actually specialized windows - or windows in gables. A pediment is a specific type of classical gable, less functionally dependent on the roof and more structurally useful atop a series of columns or as decoration above a door or window. Gables can extend above the roof line in fanciful designs or, more often, in parapets. The corbiestep is a parapet that can exaggerate the gable. Photos of gables show the varieties that can be found around the world. Different architectural styles, sizes, and decoration make this primitive architectural element come to life throughout the ages. The side gable is typical of Cape Cod style homes, and the front gable is common in many bungalows. Front and side gables are generally part of the Minimal Traditional style post-Depression homes from the mid-20th century. Katrina Cottages and the Katrina Kernel Cottage II are traditionally front-gabled. High-pitched gables are characteristic of Tudor style homes. Look for architectural details that often define a house style. The 1668 Turner-Ingersoll mansion in Salem, Massachusetts may be the most famous gabled house of all - the setting of Nathaniel Hawthornes 1851 novel The House of the Seven Gables. The Most Famous Gabled House Has Character How often have we driven by a house with two large front gables and felt that the eyes of the home, with raised brows, were inspecting our every move? The American author Nathaniel Hawthorne created such a character in his 19th century novel The House of the Seven Gables. The aspect of the venerable mansion has always affected me like a human countenance, says the books narrator in Chapter 1.  Like a human face? The deep projection of the second story gave the house such a meditative look, that you could not pass it without the idea that it had secrets to keep, and an eventful history to moralize upon. - Chapter 1 Hawthornes book makes us pause at these questions: What gives character to a home - and what architectural details make your home a character? It could be the gables. The house gables in Hawthornes 1851 book seem to interact with the other characters: But, as the sunlight left the peaks of the Seven Gables, so did the excitement fade out of Cliffords eyes. - Chapter 10 There was a vertical sundial on the front gable; and as the carpenter passed beneath it, he looked up and noted the hour. - Chapter 13 Nathaniel Hawthorne skillfully describes the gabled house as a living, breathing entity. The house, with all its gables, not only has character but also is a character in the novel. It breathes and is warmed by its burning (fireplace) heart: The house itself shivered, from every attic of its seven gables down to the great kitchen fireplace, which served all the better as an emblem of the mansions heart, because, though built for warmth, it was now so comfortless and empty. - Chapter 15 The human qualities of Hawthornes house create a haunting image. The gabled dwelling becomes the haunted house of New England storytelling. Can a house style or architectural detail get a reputation - like a person can get a reputation from behaviors? The American author Nathaniel Hawthorne suggests that it can. Nathaniel Hawthornes inspiration for the setting of his famous 1851 novel seems to be his cousins house in Salem, Massachusetts. What we know as The House of the Seven Gables was originally built in 1668 by a sea captain named John Turner. Sources American House Styles: A Concise Guide by John Milnes Baker, AIA, Norton, 1994, p. 173Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, Cyril M. Harris, ed., McGraw-Hill, 1975, p. 223

The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot Assignment

The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot - Assignment Example As such, they use both the patients and samples from her to carry out tests with the view to making discoveries. Howard W. Jones, the doctor who treated Lacks for the first time at Johns Hopkins Hospital handed over the cells to Gey and forgot about the case. The next time he returns to Lacks’ case is after her death when the hospital carries out a partial autopsy (Skloot, 2011). The did this to understand the behavior of the cells thereby considering her lifeless body as a piece of specimen that would help advance the scientific research. Patents are exclusive rights that a state gives to an individual for a discovery. As such, the individual gains financial benefits from disclosing the information about the discovery for a period. The above definition of patents shows that the rights protect inventions. The definition, therefore, makes the ownership of genetic material controversial since no human can invent genetic materials. The fact that there exist trillions of copies of every gene coupled with the fact that genes lack the quality of inventiveness makes it ridiculous to try and patent such. I, therefore, believe that patenting of genetic materials is wrong. Most people strive to patent such in order to maximize profitability (Moore, 2005). While such is the case, increase in patenting such information would lead to increased secrecy in scientific researches. Researchers should make genetic information public in order to enhance scientific research. This may help improve the quality of life in the society. In the health facility I work for, initiating a patient related research is a systematic process that begins with informing the patient. The doctors explain to the patients the nature of their ailment and explain the importance of the researches. After that, the doctors seek the patient’s permission to take samples of their specimen. After giving a consent to the research process, the doctors initiates the

CAAP#5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CAAP#5 - Essay Example Scholars often question whether -since making money in order to survive amid the adversaries of life is the primary goal of a prostitute- prostitution would exist, if there is any other way left for them to make money. Presumably the instant response to this question is ‘no’, because selling one’s body to make money appears to be the last resort for a woman who is incapable of any decent job. Since the main problem of illegal prostitution is not the prostitution itself, legalization of prostitutions is supposed to help the reduction prostitution related crimes and delinquencies as the sex-trafficking along the border. Also in order to reduce the sex-trafficking, while legalizing prostitution, the government will have to grant legal import of the product of sexual consumption namely prostitutes, if the US society fails to provide enough supply of prostitutes to the local sex-market. This condition necessarily infers that even if prostitution is legalized, the probl ems will go on to exist. Moreover, legalization of prostitution may, on one hand, preserve the rights of the immigrant prostitutes, but it will violate the rights of the majority of women who are not prostitutes, unless those women are mentally prepared to share their male counterpart’s love and, if not love, sex. If it is granted that married males are legally prohibited to go to the brothels, the question that arises here is whether the US law enforcement agencies would be massive enough to impose the surveillance effectively. To a limited extent, legalization of prostitution would solve some particular problems but in return it will bring more problems that will be far beyond any solution. The primary goal of the CIR funded resource centers is to blur the socio-cultural lines of racial segregation and meanwhile provides the members with scopes to know each other by practical interactions between immigrants and the native born. From such steps of the governments, the whole society

Topic paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Topic paper - Essay Example Its reputation as a source of positive feelings is a motivator for people to come together to attempt a relationship as a couple. The concept of romance is inherently fascinating as it touches on various aspects of human development and psychology. Being so, numerous studies have been undertaken to demystify and understand this phenomenon. This exploratory study shall attempt to answer relatively basic and then and more complex questions pertaining to the dynamics of human romantic relationships, specifically that of heterosexual relationships – how it begins; its effects on the romantic couple; how the involved individuals perceive themselves and their partners and how romance is sustained. Scientific studies of people who are in love show that apart from the emotional responses, there are physiological effects of romance. Fisher (2004) devoted much of her career to studying the biochemical pathways of love in all its manifestations: lust, romance, attachment and the way they wax and wane. Likewise, Marazziti researched on the hormonal effects of the emotions romantic love produces. Levine, Aune & Park (2006) studied love styles, communication in romantic relationships and individuals’ preferences for romantic partners. They also researched on how romance is initiated and what people do to intensify the romantic relationship. Romance also affects one’s self-esteem, as studied by Green, Campbell & Davis (2007). These researchers indicate that when an individual is in love and knows that he is loved back by his partner, his self esteem becomes inflated. On the other hand, when the object of his affection rejects his love, then his self-esteem suffers much. Many more studies on how romance is developed and sustained are available in the literature that will be reviewed for this paper. This study will cover a wide spectrum of subject matter related to romance. It will investigate the topic holistically to

UK Financial Services - Case Study on Borrowing Coursework

UK Financial Services - Case Study on Borrowing - Coursework Example Santander UK is an independent division that manages its own operations with a local management team. The bank has its headquarters in London and was opened in 2011. Santander’s 123 product range was ranked as the third best banking service in UK in 2013. During the same year, customers ranked the bank as the best financial service provider in UK in terms of customer satisfaction. The Nationwide BS is also an alternative and is a British financial organization ranked as the largest building society in the world. Although the institution specializes in mortgage loans and savings, it also provides services such as credit cards, bank accounts as well as insurance services. In February 2014, the company’s credit rating stood at A2 according to Moody and A with Fitch Ratings (Wachter, Cho & Tcha 2014, p.46). Santander UK offers The 123 Credit Card that allows customers to use the credit card along other loyalty cards. Additionally, the card allows users to cashback faster with up to three family members who reside near the client’s address. Similarly, the card is contactless and its users can make purchases wherever they come across the contactless symbol. When a customer pays his or her balance in full and on time at the end of each month, the service provides them with up to 56 days during which they can make interest free purchases (Rezaee 2011, p.124). The Capital One Aspire Elite credit card accommodates users who earn more than  £50,000 per annum. The card gives a 5% cashback on all purchases done within the first 99 days of opening the account. However, this cashback is limited to a maximum of  £200. After the above period, users earn 1% cashback for all successive purchases up to a total of  £15,000 that increases to 2% for purchases ranging from  £15,000 to  £50,000. Additionally, a 1.35% cashback is given to users who spend more than  £50,000 per annum. However, these rates are

European Single Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

European Single Market - Essay Example The first two treaties are the ‘Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)’ (Moens & Trone, 2010, p.2). Article 54 of the 2010 Official Journal of European Union requires that commercial firms be treated as natural persons who are citizens of the Member States. The challenges faced The need for the states to come together and surrender part of the sovereignty was initiated by that urge to have some strong decision-making body that could collectively empower the member states (Barnard & Scotts, 2002, p.136). The union has bodies charged with enacting certain policies that are common to the member states and ensure that the policies are followed accurately. Some of these policies regulate the trade in the area. It thus serves to protect the member states against any irregularities and this explains why our country had to be a member. The policies enacted by the governing bodies of the union regulate our operation as a comp any that trades in the region. Zandia is a sovereign state found in Eastern Europe and is a member of the European Union. Our trade operations in the area thus fall under the policies of the European Union. However, the government of Zandia has imposed certain restrictions to our trade in the country, some of which are not conforming to the laid treaties. One challenge that we have experienced is that, there is a charge levied on the importation of film for production purposes. The net earning from such charges is aimed at supporting the actors in the country who are jobless. This is contrary to the provisions of the EU treaty in several ways. Chapter 2 of Title VII of the 2010 Official Journal of European Union clearly explains the terms under which the Member States can impose taxes on both imported and exported goods within their borders. In particular, article 110 of the chapter states that ‘no member state shall impose, directly or indirectly, on the products of other mem ber states any internal taxation of any kind in excess of that imposed directly or indirectly on similar domestic products’. The article further asserts that no such taxes are supposed to be levied on imported commodities to serve the interest of the domestic producers. This creates a competitive disadvantage on our side. While it is the role of the union to promote the economic development in areas with low standards of leaving and serious underemployments, article requires that such an aid by the State should not distort competition by favoring others. Besides, the unemployment witnessed in Zandia among the actors is not a serious one to obtain the assistance from the state resources. Secondly, there is a charge for inspecting imported DVDs standards for quality under a mandatory EU scheme. This is also not conforming to the provisions in the above Chapter 2 concerning charges levied on goods within the internal market. Article 112 in this chapter requires that any charge t hat can be imposed on any imported or exported products within the member states shall be approved only by the European Council in conjunction with the Commission. The article 112 states that: â€Å"In the case of charges other than turnover taxes, excise duties and other forms of indirect taxation, remissions and repayments in respects to other Member States may not be granted and countervailing charges in respects to imports from Member States may

Jamie Oliver’s language Essay Example for Free

Jamie Oliver’s language Essay In this essay I am going to be talking about the different aspects of Jamie Oliver’s language and how he adapts and uses these language features in his TED speech.Jamie Oliver successfully uses many language devices in order to help him communicate with his audience. I will be looking at Oliver’s and examining how effective it is and also some features of spontaneous speech, which are shown in the speech.Firstly, I am going to look at Jamie Oliver’s planned and prepared language that he uses. Oliver has obviously taken time to adapt his lexis to suit his American audience.Phrases such as â€Å"health care bills† and â€Å"dollars† are some examples of this. Using these Americanisms would ensure that his audience understands the full message that he is trying to put across to them. If he used phrases such as â€Å"pounds† it would weaken the emphasis he is making he could not have full communication with his audience, as they would struggle to understand the extent of his message. Next, there is a strong display of socialect and idiolect in Jamie Oliver’s spontaneous speech. This shows that even though he has adapted some of his lexis and thought about what he is going to say, he often switches to spontaneous speech and his socialect and idiolect come through. An example of this is â€Å" aint†. As this is a very-English word, it shows that this would be part of Oliver’s spontaneous speech. However it may also have been planned as it shows that even though he is trying to adapt to suit his audience he may have used â€Å"ain’t† to keep his identity and also make his speech more engaging.Pauses are a common prosodic feature in Jamie Oliver’s speech. Often used subconsciously, they are slight breaks in speech that can be used in spontaneous speech for the speaker to think about what they are going to say next, but also can be planned in order to add effect. An example of are long pause is â€Å"let’s be honest guys,(0.5) you aint got that cash.† This is a clear example of using pauses to add effect. Its hows that Oliver is passionate about the subject he is talking about and adding as light humourous edge to his talk.All these are features that Jamie Oliver uses in his speech, whether it be spontaneous or planned. Each one has a specific effect and adds to his speech. Altogether I have found that these features are integral to the success of his speech and enhance the message he is bringing to his audience.

Exosome as Nanoscale Vesicles | Pancreatic Cancer Research

Exosome as Nanoscale Vesicles | Pancreatic Cancer Research Abstract Exosome are nanoscale vesicles that are released from cancer cells, playing an important role in the microenvironment of cancerous tumour cells.6,8 The exosomal vesicles (EV) contribute to the progression and growth of the tumour, and can be targeted using gold nanoparticles (GNP).1,6,7 The exosomes are isolated from the blood plasma, and with their stability in bodily fluids, they can be targeted and inhibited using GNP.   The GNP will inhibit the cancer cell, and will stop tumour growth and production.   Using proteomic and quantitative methods, the exosome EphA2, showed the highest detection of specificity and sensitivity in pancreatic cancer patients.1,2,4,8 Further tests confirmed that EphA2-EV has potential in early detection for pancreatic cancer, due to the levels specificity and sensitivity being higher in comparison to pancreatitis patients and the control patients.1 Keywords: Biomarkers, Exosome, Pancreatic cancer, Nanoparticle, Proteomics, Vesicles, Plasma, Antibody Introduction Pancreatic cancer, is vastly terminal, with a survival rate of less than 5%.   Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is the most common form of exocrine pancreatic cancer, accounting for around 95% of pancreatic cancer cases.10 PDAC is a silent cancer, and with the lack of testing, the need for novel biomarkers to aid in early detection is imperative.   With no valid early detection methods, and no symptoms of early stage PDAC, the cancer will progress rapidly throughout the body before it is detected.   There is need to find a biomarker, aiding in the early detection PDAC, so that a treatment can be provided to stop the cancer from progressing.   The current tumour biomarker, CA19-9, is not reliable in early detection due to falsely elevated results of diseases other than PDAC.10 Recent studies suggest that exosomes, a nanovesicle, has a high potential as the future biomarker of PDAC, due to the stability and detection sensitivity in human blood plasma.1,2,4,8 Malicious exosomes, are veiled by cancer cells, screening the importance in tumour maturation and progression.7 Studies show how to optimize a method, to isolate exosomes from the blood plasma, to further assist in biomarker discovery.   In regards to analysing exosomes as a potential biomarker, exosomes need to purified and isolated with differential centrifugation paired with ultracentrifugation (UC).   Another technique used, is affinity purification of the exosomal membrane antigens using density gradient (DG) centrifugation, separating the vesicles based on their density.8 A practise needs to be conducted, to purify exosomes, from only a small volume of blood plasma. With studies being conducted on the stability in fluids of circulating exosomes, it can be confirmed that these nanovesicles have the ability of targeting to uptake to hinder or delay tumour development.   With the size of the exosomes ranging from 40 100 nm, they are distinguished for tumour microenvironment.   Exosomes, a potential biomarker, for the early detection of PDAC, are also being studied as potential nanocarriers to target cancer cells and delaying tumour growth.1,7,8 The most common nanocarrier being studied is the gold nanoparticle (GNP), due to its imaging, diagnostics, and therapy abilities.   The GNP can be easily synthesized via the citrate reduction, which is why is has potential in medical theranostics.7 Extracellular vesicles (EV), are secreted into extracellular space, they are involved in tumour initiation, progression as well as metastasis.   EVs can be used as non-invasive biomarkers, but the current studied methods are time consuming in regards to EV isolation.1,7,8 The EV membrane markers which are part of the tetraspanin family, are CD9, CD63, and CD81, respectively, and an assay demonstrates similar features.6 A nanoparticle EV assay, will be captured by an EV-specific antibody with the dual binding of EV, using 2 nanoparticle probes.   The 2 nanoparticle probes, will produce a plasmon, promoting an increase in sensitivity and specificity for the discovery of an exosomal biomarker.   Ephrin type A receptor 2 (EphA2), has recently been identified as a biomarker, of the tumour derived pancreatic cell line, and enriched on EV.1   EphA2, shows overexpression, increases in vitro invasiveness and anoikis resistance in pancreatic cancer cell lines.1 A recent study has been conducted with healthy control patients, pancreatitis patients as well as pancreatic cancer patients, with the use of nanoplasmon-enhanced scattering (nPES) assay a fast, sensitive, and specific method in biomarker detection. Convention Tumour Markers in Pancreatic Cancer Carcinoembryonic Antigen CEA CEA, is a glycoprotein, that is measured in a common blood test used for testing patients with cancer, including pancreatic cancer.   This will measure the amount of the CEA protein that is in the blood of a patient who may have cancer, and the CEA levels can be used to determine whether treatment is working or if the cancer is spreading.   A CEA level of 5 ng/mL, is considered a normal level of this protein, but there are several conditions that can alter the levels of the CEA in your blood, which is why this is not a valid biomarker in the detection of pancreatic cancer.5 CEA testing can be useful in regards to recurrent colon cancer as well seeing if treatment is successful.   Levels of CEA can be elevated due to smoking, as well as in other diseases such as Crohns disease.   Due to the unreliability of CEA levels in cancer, this blood test confirms that CEA is not a consistent biomarker for the early detection of pancreatic cancer. CEA is expected to be paired with other biomarkers, for early detection reasons.   When paired with CA19-9, there is an increase in detection for sensitivity and specificity, showing an improvement in diseases including pancreatitis as well as pancreatic pseudocyst.   Despite the improved results for pancreatic diseases, CEA is still not valid for the detection of pancreatic cancer, even when it is paired with another marker such as CA19-9.5 Carbohydrate Antigen CA19-9 Carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) was discovered in 1981, and is considered a sialyl lewis a (sLea).9 CA19-9 is found on the surface cancer cell, expressed as a glycolipid and an O linked glycoprotein, and is related to the Lewis blood group antigens.3   Patients with Le (alpha beta +) or Le (alpha + beta -) blood group, express levels of CA19-9 in their blood, whereas approximately 5 10% of patients with Le (alpha beta -) blood group do not express CA19-9, limiting the use as a valid biomarker.9 Due to the low, and uncertain sensitivity of CA19-9, it is a poor interpreter of PDAC, therefore it is not a valued biomarker. CA19-9 is unable to differentiate between benign, precursor lesions and malignant conditions in PDAC patients, and it gives elevated results in many other gastrointestinal cancers.3   This blood test can show elevated CA19-9 levels in patients with other non-cancer diseases including pancreatitis and cirrhosis.3,9 The CA19-9 blood test can be beneficial in regards to knowing if a pancreatic tumour is secreting it, and to judge the efficiency of treatment, and look for pancreatic cancer recurrence.   A healthy patient will have a CA19-9 level of 0 37 U/mL, therefore with increasing levels of CA19-9, this could indicate tumour growth.3 For more accurate results, a PDAC marker needs to be discovered and paired with CA19-9, to increase the sensitivity and specificity in early detection.   With CA19-9 as the only marker, studies show it was only elevated in 50 75% of patients having PDAC, confirming that is not consistent as a biomarker and should not be used in diagnostic testing.3,9 Expressing elevated levels in other diseases such as benign jaundice, pancreatitis, and ovarian cancer, confirms the lack of consistency using the CA19-9 marker and that it cannot be used as an accurate indication of early pancreatic cancer detection.3 Emerging Biomarkers With the absence of reliability using the current PDAC biomarker, C19-9, it is a necessity to discover a biomarker with improved sensitivity as well specificity for the early detection of PDAC.   Recent studies suggest, that exosomes can be detected in body fluid such as blood, and they have potential as disease biomarkers.   Exosomes, found in blood plasma, need to be collected from healthy patients to obtain individual and pooled samples.   The collected blood plasma, will need to be separated, by centrifugation, to isolate the exosomes for further proteomic and quantitative studies.8 Isolation Methods Isolation of exosomes using the UC method, involves normal human plasma, and diluting it with PBS.   The sample will be differentially centrifuged, to eradicate cell debris, which is followed by UC.   The subsequent pellet, is washed in PBS, and filtered, and the filtrate was ultracentrifuged.   The resulting exosomal pellet, used for the study, will be resuspended in PBS.8 Using the EI isolation method, the plasma, is diluted in PBS and centrifuged.   The supernant is filtered, and the filtrate will be incubated using a blocking agent.   A microcolumn was placed in magnetic separators, where the column was rinsed with rinsing solution.   Beads were bound to the exosome, and were applied to the magnetic column.   The column will be washed with rinsing solution, and the immune captured exosomes were recovered by removing them from the column and placing them in a collection tube.   The exosome bound microbeads are washed to elute the exosomes, and centrifuged to obtain the exosomal pellet.   The exosomal pellet will be resuspended in PBS.8 Lastly, isolation using DG method, involved the exosomal pellet that was obtained from UC as well as normal blood plasma that was layered on iodixanol solution and centrifuged.   To the top of the tube, there were 12 fractions, with increasing densities.   The fractions are diluted with PBS and centrifuged, the resulting pellet was washed with PBS, centrifuged and resuspended in PBS.8 Western Blot and Microscopic Analyses The western blot method, shows the enrichment of the exosomal marker proteins.   Gel electrophoresis is used to separate and identify the different proteins.   The thickness of the band, indicates the amount of the protein that is present.   There is a labelled antibody, that is bound to the protein of interest.   AFM is used, to get a 3D image of the exosomal vesicle. Recent studies confirma that the exosomal markers CD9 and CD63 are enriched in exosomes purified using UC and EI methods.8 The study indicates that the UC method, had four exosomal markers whereas the EI method had only two exosomal markers, CD9 and CD63.   Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were used on the isolated exomes, from the three exosomal isolation techniques.   In the DG sample, the TEM reported homogeneous vesicle, with diameter ranging from 40 100 nm, confirming the characteristics of exosomes.   The AFM produced a 3D image of the exosome, and after further analysis it was revealed that the exosomes had round membranous vesicle characteristics. LC-MS/MS Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), is a quantitative method used for the identification of proteins at the peptide level.   The first quadrupole is for the selection of the precursor and the second quadrupole is highly specific for detection.   In comparison to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), LC-MS/MS is not limited to volatile substances, it is better for the detection of molecules.   LC-MS/MS can produce many quantitative results, and has a high specificity and sensitivity. The study was carried out, using an LTQ Orbitrap Velos with a nanoelectrospray interface coupled to an Ultimate 3000 RSLC nanosystem and the LTQ Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer operates using a nano -ESI spray.   The LC-MS/MS spectra are searched against the human protein database using MASCOT.   Equal amounts of protein from the three exosomal samples were separated, reduced, alkylated and digested with trypsin.   The DG sample had the highest number of protein identifications, followed by the UC isolation method.   Therefore, the western blotting, microscopy and MS results confirm that the DG isolation method is the most effective, in regards to isolating exosomes from blood plasma.8 Targeting with Gold Nanoparticles Malicious Exosomes The exosomes are formed from endosomal pathways, after they are fused from multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with plasma membrane.   The formation of malicious exosomes, also starts in the endosomal pathway.   The early exosome is formed from the migration from the cell periphery to the nucleus, by the formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILV).   The process interceded by exosomal complexes required for transport (ESCRT) and other proteins.   Late exosomes/ MVB, migrate to the periphery and fuse with the membrane, releasing the ILV, which are called exosomes.   The proteins, Rab GTPases, mediate the endosome migration.7 The malicious exosomes, are released from cancer cells found in the tumour microenvironment.   Exosomes play a role in variation and shaping of that tumour microenvironment.1,2,4,6,8 Malicious exosomes have potential as biomarkers, due to their stability in biological fluids including blood plasma.   There have been increased levels of circulating exosomes seen in several cancers including pancreatic cancer.1,6,7,8 Nanovesicles can be used to carry therapeutics, and have potential to limit cancer progression.1,7 The method consists of inhibiting the malicious exosomes biogenesis. Gold Nanoparticles The GNPs can be easily synthesised, as well they consist of a variety of shapes and sizes.   These nanoparticles exhibit intense light absorption and scattering, and they are deemed to be highly stable.1,7   They have potential in targeting, therapeutics as well as diagnostic capabilities. Regarding rapid tumour growth, a compressed lymphatic vessel will collapse causing lymph drainage, which will then allow for the nanosized molecule to be taken at the tumour site.7 This process will allow for passive targeting with nanosized molecules.   The cellular interest will be dependent upon the size and shape of the GNP.1,7 The tumour cells will overexpress their cell number receptors, which can be used for potential biomarkers.1,2,4,6,7,8 These cell surface receptors, will aid in the direction of the GNP to the tumour cells. Gold Nanoparticle Targeting The GNP will target malicious exosomes, by undertaking the malicious exosomes biogenesis with GNP specific targeting moieties as well as silencing moieties.7   Using antibodies to aim at the exosome for capture and selective retention.   Lateral flow immunoassay, will aid in exosome detection with CD9 and CD81 as antibodies, and CD63 with GNP.1,7 Therefore, GNP are being studied as a potential candidate for cancer therapy as well as for malicious exosome targeting.   The use of nanotheranostics to help quantify and inhibit the malicious exosomes. Sample Collection and Processing This recent study, developed a method for the purification of exosomes in blood plasma, as well as finding the EV concentrations in the plasma samples.   A three-probe EV capture was used, with a capture antibody that recognizes an EV membrane protein (anti-CD81), with antibody conjugated AuS and AuR to serve as two EV probes.   This EV capture was designed to form a plasmon, with the different GNP binding on an EV to improve sensitivity and specificity of EV detection.1   The study examined 59 pancreatic cancer patients, 48 pancreatitis patients, and 48 control patients, to see if early pancreatic cancer stage could be distinguished from pancreatitis patients and the control patients.1 Method The EV isolation consisted of cells grown in culture media, and washed with PBS.   The culture supernatants were collected and centrifuged to pellet cells, and centrifuged again to remove cell debris.   Concentrated with centrifugal filtering units, and centrifuged, the precipitates were collected and resuspended in PBS and centrifuged.   The resulting precipitates were collected and dissolved in PBS.   The ELISA assay, consisted of ninety-six well plates, which were incubated with antibody CD81.   The ELISA assay was analysed for absorbance, and the standard curve plotted the light absorbance versus the log10 EV standard concentration in pg/uL.1 The peptides were separated using Ultimate 3000 nano-LC, with an enrichment column as well as an analytical column.   The peptide fractions were analysed with Velos Dual-Pressure Linear Ion Trap mass spectrometer, and one MS scan, was followed by eight MS/MS scans. The nPES platform was constructed by filling sample wells with plasma sample or cell culture EV samples, followed by incubation and being washed three times with PBST and three times with PBS.   The sample wells were then filled with AuS and AuR PBST solution, and were incubated and washed three times each with PBST and PBS, respectively.   The sample wells were fitted with a cover slip and dark-field microscopy (DFM) was used for imaging.   The DFM images, that had image areas with brightness equal to 225 were selected, and the ratio of the image area to the whole image gave area ratios that were indicative to the nPES EV signal.1 A standard concentration curve was generated with a linear regression of nPES area ratio with log10 concentrations.1 SEM images analysed the images of GNP binding to EV, from EVs that were purified from human plasma.   The purified EVs were hybridized with anti-CD63-AuS and anti-CD9-AuR.   The SEM fields were analysed to calculate the total EVs, as well as the number of GNP-bound EVs per um2 of each assay. Proteomics and the Early Detection of PC An nPES was previously designed, for EV detection using GNP, that can scatter light at different wavelengths indicative to their shape and size.   Using both gold nanospheres (AuS) as well as gold nanorods (AuR), a plasmon is formed, increasing the scattering intensity.   With the plasmon, antibodies against CD9, CD81, and CD63 can capture and detect EV in a sample.1,7   AuS and AuR are detectable using dark field microscopy (DFM), and will form the complexes AuS-EV-AuR, AuS-EV and AuR-EV.   These complexes can be analysed using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), examining the binding and distribution.   Following the pure preparation of EV samples, EV plasma was added to give the EV plasma standard.   The anti CD81 was incubated with the standard and two antibodies conjugated GNPs, AuS-Anti-CD63 and AuR-Anti-CD9, which exhibited ratios >0.35%.   A comparison was done with nPES and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), of the sensitivity and linearity of thei r EV values.   The nPES assays showed to be highly sensitive, requiring less plasma as well has exhibiting more advantages over ELISA in regards to measuring EV concentrations.1 Since CA19-9 is the only accepted pancreatic cancer marker that is not valid, pancreatic cancer derived EV marker is a more feasible biomarker due to the multiple factors that the pancreatic cancer cells express.   The nPES assay will quantitate tumour derived EV from blood samples, and one of the two EV specific GNP were replaced with one specific for the membrane protein.   LC-MS/MS proteomics, bioinformatics is used to identify trans-membrane proteins on EV PC (PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2) and PDAC (BxPC-3).1 There were 128 membrane proteins identified, and 26 were expressed on EV.   The EphA2 showed the highest expression and is associated with cancer progression, metastasis, and prognosis.   The EphA2, was also not expressed by EV in HPNE. EphA2 was chosen as the potential marker, and CD81 and CD9 were chosen for EV capture.   The nPES was modified, using one capture antibody (anti-CD81) and two antibody-conjugated GNP probes (anti-EphA2-AuS and anti-CD9-AuR).1 The plasma EphA2-EV levels were higher in pancreatic cancer patients, in comparison to pancreatitis patients and the normal control (NC).   With the strong association between the circulating EphA2-EV and early stage pancreatic cancer, there is potential for EphA2-EV to be used as an early detection marker.1   The CA19-9 levels were increased in the pancreatic cancer patients in comparison to the pancreatitis patients and the NC, but the levels were not increased in the early stages of PC.   The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, showed that the plasma EphA2-EV levels are promising in the classification of pancreatic cancer stages. The current EV analysis methods are tedious and lengthy for the isolation procedures, as will having volume requirements.   The nPES platform that has been studied, assimilates EV capture and detection with the use of the plasmon coupling effect, to have an increase in both detection sensitivity and specificity in small volume samples and fast sensitive biomarker quantification.   This EV nPES platform, can be generalizable for any disease state that has a specific EV marker.1  Ã‚   The nPES EphA2-EV blood assay shows substantial value regarding pancreatic cancer screening tests, due to being a rapid, accurate and non-invasive blood test for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Conclusions This review article explains the need to find a valid biomarker in the early detection of pancreatic cancer, as well as discussing how exosomes have potential to be that marker in the early detection process.1,2,4,6,7,8   The existing biomarkers for pancreatic cancer, are not valid markers in the early detection due to the lack of sensitivity and specificity that they exhibit when differentiating between benign and malignant stages.   The use of exosomes for the early detection of pancreatic cancer, shows potential as a biomarker, with the use of nPES platform.1 The platform allows for EV capture using plasmon coupling, which increases in detection sensitivity and specificity, which allows for the discovery of an ultrasensitive biomarker.   The nPES EphA2-EV assay could differentiate between pancreatic cancer patients (stage I and II) and pancreatitis and NC patients.1 The role of EphA2-EV, could help to improve early detection rates as well as improving patient outcome, and th is blood test is inexpensive, accurate and non-invasive.   This review involved proteomic and quantitative methods, to find a novel biomarker for the early detection of pancreatic cancer, and non-invasive nPES EphA2-EV analysis can aid in improving early pancreatic cancer detection and treatment. References Liang, K.; Liu, F.; Fan, J.; Sun, D.; Liu, C.; Lyon, C. J.; Bernard, D. W.; Li, Y.; Yokoi, K.; Katz, M. H.; Koay, E. J.; Zhao, Z.; Hu, Y. Nature Biomedical Engineering 2017, 1 (0021). Duxbury, M. S.; Ito, H.; Zinner, M. J.; Ashley, S. W.; Whang, E. E. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2004, 320 (4), 1096-1102. Jazieh, K. A.; Foote, M. B.; Diaz, L. A. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 2014, 24 (2), 67-76. Ansuini, H.; Meola, A.; Gunes, Z.; Paradisi, V.; Pezzanera, M.; Acali, S.; Santini, C.; Luzzago, A.; Mori, F.; Lazzaro, D.; Ciliberto, G.; Nicosia, A.; Monica, N. L.; Vitelli, A. Journal of Oncology 2009, 2009, 1-10. Ballehaninna, U. K.; Chamberlain, R. S. Tumor Biology 2013, 34 (6), 3279-3292. Melo, S. A.; Luecke, L. B.; Kahlert, C.; Fernandez, A. F.; Gammon, S. T.; Kaye, J.; Lebleu, V. S.; Mittendorf, E. A.; Weitz, J.; Rahbari, N.; Reissfelder, C.; Pilarsky, C.; Fraga, M. F.; Piwnica-Worms, D.; Kalluri, R. Nature 2015, 523 (7559), 177-182. 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This theme is an influence from Poes life and the relevant Gold Rush of 1849 (Coad 60). The literary devices, symbols, relevancy, and personal experiences offer a deeper meaning to the poem than what lies on the surface. Poes skillful use of these elements helps to stress the ignorant desire humans have for wealth and fortune. The poem delivers a reflective moral issue many readers can, in some way or another, relate to. Poe uses the word shadow in each of the four stanzas of the poem, each stanza consisting of six lines. The third line in each stanza is where the use of the word shadow is introduced. Though the word occurs multiple times, it has a different meaning each time. The first shadow represents a literal shadow, a casting shadow of the sun. It could also be interpreted as happiness and sadness. The second shadow represents the shadow that has overcome the knights heart after much unsuccessful searching. The third shadow represents a live figure, possibly his or maybe an angel. And the fourth shadow figuratively refers to Valley of the Shadow (21). The fact the knight has grown old and weak, and must cross Over the Mountains Of the Moon, Down the Valley of the Shadow is seen as a symbol of the knights death, relating to the Biblical valley of death (19-21). Through Poes use of the word shadow and the period in which the poem was written, readers can understand Poes message. Poe uses the shadow in each stanza to convey his message. As the meaning of the shadow changes, so do readers emotional state. As he begins the first stanza, readers see a happy, gaily, bedighted knight who is enthusiastic about going on his search for gold. This start gives readers a sense of happiness and jolt of energy. His shadow could also be a foreshadowing of future events. However, Poe begins the second stanza with the word But. This contradictory word signals a shift between the first and second stanza and also a shift in emotion. The knight has become old, disheartened, and dismayed as the shadow is used in context to signal the emotional state of the knight. This signal causes readers to suddenly have a change in emotion; readers become sympathetic towards the knight. Poe continues to elaborate on the disappointment of the knight in stanza three. The knight encounters a live or possibly imaginative figure and asks the shadow where is Eldorado, reflecting on his hopeless jo urney in which he wasted his life. This figure could possibly be an angel providing guidance, an angel of death, or even himself. As the shadow replies to the question in stanza 4, readers are left with the idea that he has come to the end of his life and has died. With the closing of the poem, the audience can relate to the pain the knight feels. In all, the repetitive shadow becomes engraved in the readers mind, helping to sway the emotions. The life of the knight also provides a moral for people to learn. Poes moral in Eldorado is not to seek for riches on earth. The only true riches are the riches one receives after death. The knight in the poem seeks for physical riches for many years without any hope, leaving him disheartened and at the end of his life. When asked where Eldorado could be, the knight was told Down the Valley of the Shadow (21). This insinuation emphasizes the main point that true riches are found in Heaven, not earth, and any riches sought on earth leads to despair and death. As suggested by The Meaning of Poes Eldorado by the John Hopkins University Press, it can be argued Poe portrayed himself as the knight (Coad 60). Poe published his poem in 1849, the same year as his death. Like the knight, Poe had sought after an accomplished life, which he failed to do during his life. He was also unstable in the last years of his life. However, the knight most probably was a reference to the many prospectors of the California Gold Rush, which took place during the time the poem was written. The poem may have been Poes warning to the many prospectors that would experience the same hardships of the knight. Poes repetition of shadow and Eldorado and use of other symbols play an important part in his poem. It helps to further stress his main point. Other such devices Poe uses to communicate to his audience is through auditory and imagery senses. Poe uses aabccb rhyme scheme in the first three stanzas and xxabba rhyme scheme in the fourth stanza of his poem . Poes creatively written stressed and unstressed poem is one way Poe remarkably appeals to the readers auditory and imagery senses. The use of this rhyme scheme creates a thumpity, thump sound when read aloud, bringing the clattering of the horses trot to life. The symbols and rhyme scheme helps to immerse the reader into the scene of the poem and drives them to continue reading until the end. Eldorado is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe that has a stressed message to readers. It tells the story of a knight who traveled for a period of his life searching for a city of gold, Eldorado. It provides a message to all readers that true riches and happiness are only acquired through Heaven after death. If one attempts to search for wealth, in hopes happiness will follow, that person will come to the end of their life saddened and in despair. Poes use of symbols, rhyme scheme, and repetition brings life to his poem, which keeps the readers entertained and helps to convey his message. The poem brings light to the life of everyone and anyone searching for happiness and wealth on earth. Thus, Eldorado is Over the Mountains Of the Moon, Down the Valley of the Shadow, Ride, boldly ride . . . If you seek for Eldorado! (19-24).